Appendix?E? Overview?of?Other? Constructional?Elements? MAKING?FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE?IN?ENGLAND?AND?FRANCE? DURING?THE?AGE?OF?ELEGANCE? MAKING?FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE?APPENDIX?E:?OVERVIEW?OF?OTHER?CONSTRUCTIONAL?ELEMENTS??????????PAGE?553? ? On?the?cover:?? ? o Chippendales?Director?as?from?Gilbert,?C.,?The?Life?and?Works?of?Thomas? Chippendale,?Studio?Vista/Christies,?London,?1978,?p.?228.? o ? o Roubo,?A.,?Trait??Th?orique?et?Pratique?de?L'?b?nistes?D'apr?s?Roubo,?Ch?Juliot??? Librairie?Artistique,?Paris,?1884,?Plate?276.??? MAKING?FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE?APPENDIX?E:?OVERVIEW?OF?OTHER?CONSTRUCTIONAL?ELEMENTS??????????PAGE?554? ? Overview?of?Other?Constructional?Elements? ? In?this?section,?the?subject?matter?covers?constructional?elements,?except?for?the? drawers.??This?includes;?the?drawer?cavities,?the?locks,?keys,?doors,?and?where?visible? internal?construction.??? ? It?is?important?to?note?that?in?many?cases?(which?will?be?pointed?out?in?the?appropriate? sections)?the?keys?that?are?included?in?this?report?(the?only?keys?available?for?these? pieces)?do?not?look?like?the?original?keys.??These?were?most?likely?replacement?keys? many?times?they?were?made?after?the?loss?of?the?original?keys?and?therefore?the?cut? pattern?in?the?keys?look?different.??Two?characteristics?suggest?the?original?keys;?these? are?very?detailed?and?cleanly?cut?pattern?of?cuts?to?accommodate?the?wards?in?the?locks? and?a?detailed?pattern?on?the?handle?of?the?key?(The?Bow???see?the?first?key?example?on? page?513.)? MAKING?FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE?APPENDIX?E:?OVERVIEW?OF?OTHER?CONSTRUCTIONAL?ELEMENTS??????????PAGE?555? ? Appendix?E:??Overview?of?Other?Constructional?Elements? Drawer?Cavity,?Locks,?Keys Picture/Brief?Description?of?Chippendale?Ladies?Secr?taire ? ?As?discussed?in?the?dissertation,?the?two?known?secr?taires?built?by? Chippendale?were?identical.??They?were?both?probably?constructed?of?a? single?frame,?which?had?three?sub?sections1.??The?top?drawer,?followed?by? the?section?behind?the?fall?front,?and?the?lower?storage?section.????As?with? the?desks,?this?section?will?focus?on?the?drawer?cavities,?the?locks?and?keys? that?are?used?for?the?different?pieces;?on?occasion?some?other?issues?will?be? displayed?and?discussed.?? Location:??Top?Section? ? The?top?drawer?cavity?makes?use?of?many?of?Chippendale?s?standard? approaches?to?construction.??First?it?has?the?hexagonal?drawer?stops,? secondly,?the?smooth?top?and?bottom.??Here?the?top,?bottom?and?sides?are? made?of?pine?while?the?guides?and?the?drawer?stops?are?made?of?oak.??One? difference?from?Chippendale?s?usual?approach?is?the?use?of?the?oak?drawer? slide,?in?most?cases,?Chippendale?s?workshops?had?smooth?sides?to?the? drawer?cavity.? ? In?the?front?centre?of?the?drawer?itself?is?the?lock?top?drawer.??This?was?the? same?type?of?lock?(single?bolt,?with?a?single?turn?action?ward?lock,?made?of? brass?and?steel)?that?is?on?the?fall?front?(shown?in?the?next?section)?and?on? the?bottom?cabinet.?? ? ?(No?key?picture?is?available?for?this? piece.) 1 While?there?are?only?pictures?available?of?the?Japanned?version,?both?are?the?same?size?and?shape,?and?therefore?it?is? reasonable?to?assume?that?their?construction?is?the?same.? MAKING?FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE?APPENDIX?E:?OVERVIEW?OF?OTHER?CONSTRUCTIONAL?ELEMENTS??????????PAGE?556? ? Appendix?E:??Overview?of?Other?Constructional?Elements? Drawer?Cavity,?Locks,?Keys Location:??Behind?the?Drop?Front? ? Not?shown?are?the?cavities?for?each?of?these?small?drawers?behind?the?fall? front.??Each?of?the?walls?is?smooth?without?drawer?stops?or?slides?to?help? guide?the?drawers.??The?dividers,?between?the?drawers?and?forming?the? storage?compartments,?were?made?of?very?thin?(6?mm)?solid?mahogany.?? ? The?lock?for?this?drawer?was?the?same?kind?of?lock?as?on?the?drawer.?It?had? a?single?bolt;?it?was?a?basic?ward?lock?with?a?single?turn?operation.?? Furthermore,?it?made?use?of?the?same?materials?and?used?the?same?key?as? the?drawer?lock.?? ? The?hinge?for?the?drop?front?was?similar?in?outward?appearance?to?that? used?by?Riesener.?? (No?Picture?of?the?drawer?cavities?is? available.)? Location:??The?lower?Section ? Unlike?the?pieces?by?Riesener,?the?door?that?Chippendale?used?on?this? secretair?was?a?single?door?that?streatches?all?the?way?across?the?front.??The? hinges?were?similar?to?the?hinges?that?were?used?on?Chippendale?s?Harewood? Library?Table?(steel?brackets?that?are?attached?at?the?top?and?the?bottom?of? the?door.)??While?the?outside?of?the?door?is?covered?with?marquetry,?the? inside?is?bear?showing?the?three?piece?construction?out?of?oak.?? ? The?lock?for?this?cabinet?door?(not?shown)?is?the?same?as?the?ones?used?for?the? fall?front?and?the?top?drawer.??All?three?sections?used?the?same?key. ? Inside?there?are?three?shelves?that?have?been?covered?by?a?light?blue?paper.?? The?walls?are?made?of?pine.?The?centre?picture?shows?a?close?up?of?the?shelves? with?the?paper?and?the?third?shows?the?paper?liftedlifted?showing?the?drawer? stop?indicating?that?drawers?were?once?present?in?this?piece.??This?pictures? also?show?the?use?of?pine?in?the?walls?and?the?bottom?of?the?drawer?cavity.? Note?that?the?font?of?the?shelf?has?a?piece?of?rosewood?for?decoration. MAKING?FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE?APPENDIX?E:?OVERVIEW?OF?OTHER?CONSTRUCTIONAL?ELEMENTS??????????PAGE?557? ? Appendix?E:??Overview?of?Other?Constructional?Elements? Drawer?Cavity,?Locks,?Keys Picture/Brief?Description?of?Wallace?Collection?Secr?taire???Abattant?F300 ? This?desk?has?been?identified?by?Christies?as?one?of?the?8?Oeben?Reisener? Secr?taire???Abattant.?True?to?the?implication,?this?is?one?of?Reisener?s? larger,?more?ornate?versions?of?this?type?of?furniture.??As?mentioned?in?in? the?body?of?the?dissertation,?this?piece?was?photographed?from?the?back? with?the?panel?removed;?as?a?result?there?is?information?about?the?basic? structure?of?these?inventions.??From?that?analysis?we?know?that?this?is?built? as?a?single?unit?with?three?sub?sections?(as?opposed?to?Chippendale?who? built?his?has?two?separate?units?that?were?attached?in?the?centre).??The?top? subsection?is?the?large?drawer,?below?that?is?the?operational?centre?of?the? piece,?behind?the?fall?front,?and?the?last?section?is?the?storage?section? contained?behind?two?doors?in?the?lower?part?of?this?furniture.?? Location:??Top?Drawer?? ? Like?other?pieces?by?Riesener,?the?drawer?cavity?had?pieces?of?oak?on?the? sides?to?act?as?guides.??Furthermore?there?was?a?piece?of?rosewood?at?the? beginning?(see?the?first?picture)?Also?unlike?Chippendale;?Riesener?did?not? install?drawer?stops.?? ? This?piece?of?furniture?had?a?very?unusual?locking?system?relative?to?most? other?cabinets?and?in?particular?relative?to?Chippendale?s?furniture.??While? the?drawer?did?lock,?the?drawer?itself?did?not?have?a?lock?on?it.??Instead,?the? way?to?lock?this?drawer?was?to?turn?the?lock?for?the?fall?front?an?extra?time.?? This?extra?turn?extended?the?bolt?through?the?frame?(See?the?top?picture?in? the?middle?frame)?and?into?the?bottom?of?the?drawer?(See?the?bottom? picture?in?the?middle?frame).??At?the?front?of?the?second?picture?is?the?hole? in?the?frame?where?the?bolt?extends?on?its?way?to?the?drawer.???? ? In?the?third?picture?is?the?key?used?to?lock?the?fall?front?to?lock?this?drawer.? Two?things?to?notice?about?this?key,?compared?to?those?produced?for?the? Chippendale?library?tables.?First?the?bow?(the?handle)?is?much?more?ornate? and?secondly?the?design?of?the?tooth?(hence?the?wards)?is?much?more? complicated.?This?looks?like?an?original?key.? ? ? Plate?on?drawer?bottom? for?bolts?to?enter.? Holes?allowing?bolts?to? extend?to?drawer.? Tooth? Bow? MAKING?FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE?APPENDIX?E:?OVERVIEW?OF?OTHER?CONSTRUCTIONAL?ELEMENTS??????????PAGE?558? ? Appendix?E:??Overview?of?Other?Constructional?Elements? Drawer?Cavity,?Locks,?Keys Wallace?Collection?Secr?taire???Abattant?F300?(Con?t)?? Location:??Behind?the?Drop?Front? ? There?are?six?drawers?that?are?visible?in?the?upper?section?of?this?desk? (behind?the?fall?front).??There?are?however,?two?smaller?drawers?under?a? secret?compartment?that?lies?under?the?large?pigeonhole?in?the?lower?centre? part?of?this?opening.?? ? As?described?above?the?lock?for?the?abattant?is?very?complicated.?While?this? is?a?basic?ward?lock?it?has?several?features?that?were?very?unusual?especially? for?England?during?this?period.?As?shown?in?the?centre?picture?(top),?there? are?three?places?for?the?desk?to?lock?through?the?top?of?the?lock?(this?lock?as? seen?in?the?next?picture?also?sends?extensions?to?the?side?and?the?back?of? the?door).??On?the?far?let?is?a?spring?loaded?lock?that?operates?with?a?partial? turn?of?the?lock?with?the?key?after?the?bolts?have?been?brought?into?the?lock.?? The?other?two?are?the?square?bolts?that?provide?a?more?secure?lock.??After? one?turn,?the?bolts?leave?the?chamber?approximately?8?mm.??The?result?is? that?the?abattant?is?locked.??If?you?turn?the?key?twice,?the?bolts?extend? approximately?15?mm?and?lock?both?the?abattant?and?the?top?drawer.?? ? The?bottom?picture?in?the?middle?panels?shows?the?internal?operations?in? the?lock?for?this?abattant.??Note?the?two?bolts?extending?from?the?top?as?well? as?the?spring?loaded?latch.??In?addition?to?these?extensions,?there?is?one? extending?toward?the?back?(to?open?the?secret?door,?the?two?on?each?side?to? add?to?the?basic?security?of?the?fall?front.?In?a?later?picture,?there?are? pictures?of?the?extensions?coming?out?of?the?side?of?the?desk,?? (The?key?is?shown?in?the?previous? section.)? MAKING?FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE?APPENDIX?E:?OVERVIEW?OF?OTHER?CONSTRUCTIONAL?ELEMENTS??????????PAGE?559? ? Appendix?E:??Overview?of?Other?Constructional?Elements? Drawer?Cavity,?Locks,?Keys Wallace?Collection?Secr?taire???Abattant?F300?(Con?t)? Location:??Lower?Section? ? There?are?two?drawers?that?are?located?behind?the?double?doors?in?the? lower?section?of?the?Secr?taire???Abattant.??These?are?located?on?the?lower? left?hand?side?of?this?section.??On?the?right?is?a?safe?that?is?made?to?look?like? two?drawers.?However,?this?safe?is?locked?with?a?special?key?and?consists?of? a?door?that?opens?from?the?bottom?of?the?panel.??Above?the?two?drawers? and?the?safe?are?two?large?filing?compartments.?? ? In?the?far?left?compartment?are?two?pictures?the?top?is?the?drawer?cavity?and? the?bottom?is?the?inside?of?the?safe.??Note?that?the?drawer?cavity?is?perfectly? smooth?on?both?the?sides?and?that?there?are?no?runners.??Also?all?sides?and? back?are?made?of?oak.?While?the?safe?is?also?completely?enclosed?in?oak,?it? has?a?set?of?edges?where?the?walls?meet?the?back.??This?could?be?to?prevent? entry?through?the?edges.??? ? In?the?middle?section?is?the?door?for?the?safe?compartment.?The?safe?uses?a? different?key?as?the?abattant?(note?in?the?third?section?are?the?keys,?the?top? is?the?key?for?the?abattant?and?the?lower?key?unlocks?the?safe.?This?is?in? addition?to?the?lock?that?is?located?on?the?outside?door.??Note?that?this?door? has?the?same?kind?of?lock?as?pictured?on?the?secr?taire?F303?(shown?later)? that?lock?is?a?spring?loaded?lock,?which?opens?with?the?same?key?as?the? abattant.?? ? In?the?far?right?are?the?two?keys?used?for?this?secr?taire.?The?top?key?is?for? the?door?and?the?fall?front?(The?tooth?on?the?top?key?is?the?same?as?that?on? the?previously?pictured.)?and?the?lower?key?is?for?the?safe.?The?cuts?in?the? tooth?suggest?these?are?original?keys,?but?the?handles?are?simpler?than?most.? ? ? ? MAKING?FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE?APPENDIX?E:?OVERVIEW?OF?OTHER?CONSTRUCTIONAL?ELEMENTS??????????PAGE?560? ? Appendix?E:??Overview?of?Other?Constructional?Elements? Drawer?Cavity,?Locks,?Keys Picture/Brief?Description?of?Wallace?Collection?Thuya?Secr?taire???Abattant? (F303) ? This?secr?taire???Abattant?as?with?the?other?pieces?by?Riesener,?has?three? sections,?the?top?drawer,?the?middle?fall?front?working?section?and?the?lower? storage?section?with?a?safe.????Most?likely?this?secr?taire?is?structured?the? same?way?as?the?prior?piece?(F200?at?The?Wallace?Collection)?with?boards? running?the?entire?height?of?the?piece.??? ? Differing?from?other?Riesener?secr?taire?there?are?no?drawers?in?the?lower? section.??In?stead?there?is?only?a??relatively?large?safe?with?a?separate?key.?? Location:??Top?Drawer ? As?seen?before?the?top?is?a?single?large?drawer?running?all?the?way?across? the?front.??The?inside?(see?picture?in?the?far?left?window)?there?is?a?piece?of? oak?running?along?the?side?of?the?drawer?cavity?to?guide?the?drawer?in? place.?While?unlike?other?pieces,?there?is?no?piece?of?rosewood?on?the? inside?of?the?cavity,?it?is?interesting?to?note?that?in?the?centre?picture,?the? drawer?has?pieces?of?rosewood?running?the?outside?of?the?drawer?serving? as?a?type?of?runnier?built?into?the?drawer.? ? Like?prior?examples?this?drawer?does?not?have?a?separate?lock?instead?it?is? locked?by?the?locking?of?the?abattant.?The?far?right?panel?has?a?picture?of? the?bottom?of?the?drawer?showing?how?the?bolt?from?the?abattant? extends?all?the?way?to?through?the?frame?and?into?the?drawer.??? MAKING?FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE?APPENDIX?E:?OVERVIEW?OF?OTHER?CONSTRUCTIONAL?ELEMENTS??????????PAGE?561? ? Appendix?E:??Overview?of?Other?Constructional?Elements? Drawer?Cavity,?Locks,?Keys Thuya?Secr?taire???Abattant?(F303???Con?t)? Location:?Behind?the?Drop?Front ? There?are?six?drawers?that?are?visable?behind?the?fall?front.??Three?are?located? on?each?side?of?the?lowest?centre?pigeonhole.?? ? In?the?left?hand?section,?below,?is?a?picture?showing?the?drawer?cavity?for?one?of? these?drawers.??Again,?there?are?smooth?sides,?top?and?bottom.??The?top?and? bottom?are?made?of?oak?and?the?sides?are?made?of?oak?with?inlays?of?rosewood? at?the?front?and?the?bottom?of?the?cavity.?? ? The?middle?pictures?shows?the?lock?for?the?abattant?with?the?bolts?extended.?? This?locks?both?the?door?and?the?drawer?above?this?section.?? ? In?the?far?right?section,?are?two?keys.??The?key?on?the?right?(top)?is?for?the?safe,? and?the?more?decorated?key?(lower?left)?is?the?main?key?which?opens?the?drop? front?and?the?two?doors?in?the?lower?section.??These?keys?may?or?may??not?be? original,?while?the?toot?cuts?are?clean,?they?are?simpler?than?most?and?while?one? handle?is?detailed,?the?other?is?not.?? MAKING?FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE?APPENDIX?E:?OVERVIEW?OF?OTHER?CONSTRUCTIONAL?ELEMENTS??????????PAGE?562? ? Appendix?E:??Overview?of?Other?Constructional?Elements? Drawer?Cavity,?Locks,?Keys Location:??Lower?Section ? There?are?just?three?storage?compartments?and?a?locked?safe.??The?safe?(shown?on? the?left?hand?segment)?is?the?same?as?in?the?previous?secr?taire.??It?is?locked?with?a? separate?key?than?the?rest?of?the?piece;?the?lock?is?a?ward?lock?with?two?bolts?that? have?two?stages?to?their?extension;?requiring?two?turns?to?fully?lock?it.??The?inside?of? the?safe?is?made?of?oak?with?small?strips?of?wood?surrounding?the?back?edge.?? ? The?outside?doors?have?the?same?characteristics?seen?on?the?other?Wallace? collection?secr?taires.??There?is?a?flange?on?one?side?of?the?door?and?a?groove?on? the?other.??(Note?the?dark?colour?is?a?result?of?bad?lighting.)? ? The?lock?(shown?on?the?right?panel)?is?a?spring?loaded?lock?that?latches?onto?a??D?? shaped?hook?on?the?inside?of?the?cabinet?(see?lower?picture?in?the?same?panel.? MAKING?FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE?APPENDIX?E:?OVERVIEW?OF?OTHER?CONSTRUCTIONAL?ELEMENTS??????????PAGE?563? ? Appendix?E:??Overview?of?Other?Constructional?Elements? Drawer?Cavity,?Locks,?Keys Picture/Brief?Description?of?Wallace?Collection?Secr?taire???Abattant?with? Floral?Trellis?Marquetry?(F302) ? As?with?the?prior?pieces,?it?is?assumed?that?this?piece?is?built?as?one?long?unit? with?three?sections;?the?top?drawer,?the?middle?work?area,?and?the?lower? storage?area.??Many?of?the?features?are?the?same?as?the?prior?units,?the?top? drawer?does?not?have?a?lock,?instead?it?is?locked?by?locking?the?abattant,?the? section?behind?the?abattant,?has?six?small?drawers?and?six?storage? compartments,?it?has?a?secret?section?under?the?lower?middle?filing? compartment.??The?lower?storage?area,?while?it?does?not?have?any?drawers,? has?a?safe?that?is?opened?with?a?special?key.?? Location:??Top?Drawer ? The?top?drawer?cavity?is?similar?to?what?has?been?seen?before,?there?is?a? smooth?top?and?bottom?and?both?are?made?of?oak.??The?side?walls?have? oak?sliders?and?oak?walls.??Note?also?that?the?ormolu?on?the?outside?of?the? piece?is?attached?with?bolts?coming?through?to?the?inside.?Also?note?the? piece?of?rosewood?that?is?running?vertically?on?the?front?edge.??Again,?there? are?not?drawer?stops?as?seen?on?Chippendale?s?furniture.?? ? Although?it?is?not?shown,?this?drawer?had?the?same?locking?mechanics?as? the?prior?pieces.??When?the?abattant?is?completely?locked,?the?extended? bolts?come?through?the?cross?beam?at?the?bottom?of?the?drawer?and?into? the?bottom?of?the?drawer?itself.??? ? On?the?right?are?the?three?keys?for?this?piece,?the?top?(left)?key?is?for?the? safe,?the?lower?(centre)?more?decorative?key?opens?the?abattant?and?the? remaining?key?(upper?right)?opens?the?lower?two?doors.?? ? Similar?to?before?there?are?some?indications?that?these?keys?were?original? (the?detailed?cuts?in?the?tooth)?but?the?handles?appear?too?simple.? MAKING?FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE?APPENDIX?E:?OVERVIEW?OF?OTHER?CONSTRUCTIONAL?ELEMENTS??????????PAGE?564? ? Appendix?E:??Overview?of?Other?Constructional?Elements? Drawer?Cavity,?Locks,?Keys Location:?Behind?the?Drop?Front ? Looking?at?the?inside?of?the?drawer?cavities,?one?sees?that?the?outside? pieces?are?made?of?oak,?with?rosewood?veneer?on?the?front?faces?and?used? as?runners?on?the?lower?right?and?(not?shown)?left?sides.??? ? The?middle?picture?shows?the?bolts?of?the?lock?after?one?turn?of?the?key.?? This?position?of?the?bolts?would?lock?the?abattant,?but?not?the?top?drawer.? To?lock?the?drawer,?one?would?have?to?turn?the?lock?a?second?time.??Note? also?that?there?is?no?spring?loaded?section?of?this?lock.??Neither?are?there? extensions?through?the?sides?for?this?piece?of?furniture.?? ? The?last?picture?(far?right)?shows?a?close?up?of?the?key?for?the?abattant.?? ? Similar?to?before?there?are?some?indications?that?these?keys?were?original? (the?detailed?cuts?in?the?tooth)?but?the?handle?appears?too?simple.? MAKING?FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE?APPENDIX?E:?OVERVIEW?OF?OTHER?CONSTRUCTIONAL?ELEMENTS??????????PAGE?565? ? Appendix?E:??Overview?of?Other?Constructional?Elements? Drawer?Cavity,?Locks,?Keys Location:?Lower?Section ? As?mentioned?before,?the?lower?section?did?not?have?any?drawers.??Instead,? it?had?three?storage?compartments?and?a?large?safe?that?had?a?seperate?key.?? ? While?the?inside?of?the?storage?compartemeths?were?veneered?on?all?sides? to?match?the?inside?of?the?doors?(tulipwood?with?rosewood?edging)?the? inside?of?the?safe??(See?the?picture?in?the?left?panel)?was?veneered?on?the? three?sides?but?not?the?bottom.??? ? The?door?on?the?outside?was?locked?with?a?spring?loaded?lock?that?grabed? hold?of?a??D??shaped?brass?ring?(See?the?centre?panel???bottom?picture).??As? with?all?of?Rieseners?secretaires?the?right?door?had?the?tongue?to?the?left?had? doors?groove?(See?the?centre?panel?and?the?top?picture)? ? The?right?panel?has?a?picture?of?the?safe?lock.??Relative?to?other?safe?locks?this? one?is?rather?simple.??It?is?a?double?turn?lock?with?bolts?that?exit?from?the?top? with?two?turns.? MAKING?FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE?APPENDIX?E:?OVERVIEW?OF?OTHER?CONSTRUCTIONAL?ELEMENTS??????????PAGE?566? ? Appendix?E:??Overview?of?Other?Constructional?Elements? Drawer?Cavity,?Locks,?Keys Picture/Brief?Description?of?Waddesdon?Manor?Secr?taire???Abattant ? This?Secr?taire???Abattant?has?a?total?of?four?different?types?of?drawers.?? The?first,?like?all?other?Riesener?Secr?taire???Abattant,?is?at?the?top?just? under?the?marble?top?and?gallery.??The?next?set?of?six?drawers?are?located? behind?the?Abattant,?with?three?on?the?lower?right?side?and?the?other? three?are?on?the?lower?left?side.??As?with?F300?and?F303?at?The?Wallace? Collection,?there?are?two?drawers?that?are?located?within?a?hidden? compartment?that?is?beneath?the?lower?centre?pigeonhole.?The?final?type? of?drawer?is?located?in?the?lower?section?on?the?lower?left,?positioned?next? to?the?safe.?Each?drawer?uses?oak?for?the?sides,?back,?front?and?bottom?of? the?drawer?with?the?front?being?covered?with?different?types?of?veneer.????? Location:??Top?Drawer ? The?drawer?cavity?(not?shown)?is?identical?to?the?design?seen?in?the? Wallace?Collection?secr?taire?(F300).??Visible?to?the?naked?eye?was?a? smooth?top?and?bottom?made?of?oak,?the?guides?on?either?side,?also?made? of?oak.??Also?like?all?of?the?other?Riesener?secr?taires?included?in?this? research,?the?drawer?did?not?have?a?lock?on?it,?but?instead?was?locked?from? locking?the?fall?front.????? ? ?Above?the?drawer?is?the?marble?top?that,?just?like?other?Riesener? secr?taires,?is?just?placed?on?top?of?the?frame.??The?top?frame?is?formed?by? two?oak?boards?that?form?the?edge?and?are?mitred?at?the?corner?to?form? the?canted?edge.? MAKING?FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE?APPENDIX?E:?OVERVIEW?OF?OTHER?CONSTRUCTIONAL?ELEMENTS??????????PAGE?567? ? Appendix?E:??Overview?of?Other?Constructional?Elements? Drawer?Cavity,?Locks,?Keys Waddesdon?Manor?Secr?taire???Abattant?(Con?t)? Location:??Behind?the?Fall?front ? The?locking?devise?for?this?fall?front?was?one?of?the?more?complicated?that? has?been?seen?on?Riesener?pieces.??Turning?the?key?once?unlocks?the?top? drawer,?but?the?fall?front?remains?locked.??Turning?it?a?second?time,?pulls?in? the?bolts?from?the?side?(See?the?middle?picture)?and?the?top??(see?the? pictures?in?the?left?handle)?to?enable?the?fall?front?door?to?open.??Finally,? once?the?fall?front?is?open?and?parallel?with?the?ground,?an?additional?half? turn,?pulls?in?the?locks?for?the?secret?compartment?and?releases?the?spring? loaded?door?revealing?two?small?drawers.?? ? Lastly?the?key?(see?picture?in?the?right?panel),?which?is?used?in?this?desk,?is? both?a?more?complicated?designed?bow?and?tooth?(vs?most?other?keys?of? the?period)?like?many?of?Riesener?pieces.? ? This?key?appears?to?be?original.? MAKING?FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE?APPENDIX?E:?OVERVIEW?OF?OTHER?CONSTRUCTIONAL?ELEMENTS??????????PAGE?568? ? Appendix?E:??Overview?of?Other?Constructional?Elements? Drawer?Cavity,?Locks,?Keys Waddesdon?Manor?Secr?taire???Abattant?(Con?t)? Location:??Lower?Section? ? In?the?lower?section?this?piece?is?very?similar?to?the?earlier?secr?taire?in?The? Wallace?Collection?(F300).??There?are?2?compartments,?with?two?drawers,? along?with?a?safe?that?looks?like?two?more?drawers.??The?safe,?as?always,? requires?a?separate?key?from?the?rest?of?the?piece.?? ? The?difference?in?this?piece?and?most?other?pieces?(See?the?secr?taire?included? in?the?Bergsten?Collection?for?an?exception.)?is?that?it?has?a?set?of?three? drawers?at?the?top?of?the?lower?section.??These?drawers?are?made?to?blend? into?the?surrounding?area?and?thus?are?considered??secret??drawers.??These? drawer?are?small?and?of?a?similar?construction?to?other?drawers.?The?cavity?is? smooth?without?any?runners?or?drawer?stops.? ? The?lock?on?the?door?the?same?as?on?prior?Riesener?secr?taires,?it?is?a?spring? loaded?lock?that?hooks?on?to?a??D??shaped?brass?piece?that?is?attached?to?the? cross?frame?on?the?shelves?(see?the?centre?picture.) ? The?lock?on?the?safe?is?a?double?turn?lock?that?sends?two?bolts?on?each?side?of? the?drop?front?door?(see?the?pictures?in?the?right?panel.) MAKING?FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE?APPENDIX?E:?OVERVIEW?OF?OTHER?CONSTRUCTIONAL?ELEMENTS??????????PAGE?569? ? Appendix?E:??Overview?of?Other?Constructional?Elements? Drawer?Cavity,?Locks,?Keys Picture/Brief?Description?of?Les?Arts?D?coratifs?Secr?taire???Abattant ? This?Secr?taire???Abattant?is?very?unusual?compared?to?the?other?pieces? included?in?this?study.??First?of?all?it?is?much?smaller?than?the?other? secr?taires,?second?it?uses?a?levered?door?on?the?bottom,?last?the?locks?used? on?this?piece?are?much?simpler?than?those?on?the?other?pieces.??? Location:??Top?Drawer ? Not?show,?the?internal?cavity?was?very?similar?to?others?that?were?seen?in? other?secr?taires?by?Riesener.??It?had?the?standard?guide?made?of?oak? and?a?piece?of?rosewood?running?up?and?down?next?to?the?opening?of? the?cavity.??? ? The?handles?for?this?drawer?was?very?unusual,?in?that?a?drop?ring?handle? was?used?on?the?main?drawer?(usually?Riesener?used?the?drop?ring? handle?on?the?inside?drawers.??? ? The?keys?were?also?somewhat?atypical?in?that?they?were?smaller?and?less? complicated?than?in?other?pieces?but?their?handles?appear?original.?? Location:??Behind?the?Fall?Front ? Behind?the?drop?front?are?6?compartments?and?2?small?drawers.??Inside? the?drawer?cavity?are?no?runners?or?strips?of?wood?to?protect?the?surface? (see?picture?in?left?had?frame).???All?sides?of?the?frames?are?made?of?oak? and?the?fronts?are?veneered?with?tulip?wood.? ? The?lock?on?this?drop?front?is?similar?to?other?pieces?in?that?it?has?two? bolts?coming?out?the?top?and?they?require?two?turns?to?completely?lock? the?door.??The?full?locking?of?this?door,?as?seen?before,?locks?the?top? drawer?at?the?same?time.??It?is?different?in?that?it?does?not?lock?to?each? side?nor?does?it?function?to?lock?or?unlock?a?secret?compartment.??In?the? two?pictures?shown?(middle?and?right?hand?frames)?show?the?two?levels?of? the?extension?of?the?bolts?from?the?lock.?Notice?the?slant?to?the?head?of? the?bolts;?this?two?is?unusual?for?Riesener.? MAKING?FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE?APPENDIX?E:?OVERVIEW?OF?OTHER?CONSTRUCTIONAL?ELEMENTS??????????PAGE?570? ? Appendix?E:??Overview?of?Other?Constructional?Elements? Drawer?Cavity,?Locks,?Keys Les?Arts?D?coratifs?Secr?taire???Abattant?(Con?t) Location:??Behind?the?Fall?Front?(Con?t) Location:??Lower?section ? ? The?lower?section?is?unusual,?in?that?it?has?levered?doors?and?not?the?dual? hinged?doors?like?other?secr?taires?by?Riesener?included?in?this?study.??Behind? the?closed?doors?are?fairly?standard?for?Riesener?s?smaller?pieces.??Similar?to? other?secr?taires?there?is?a?safe?(that?uses?a?separate?key)?and?2?shelves.? ? On?the?inside?drawer?cavities?and?the?safe?are?consistent?with?other?pieces?in? that?the?walls?are?smooth?with?the?exception?of?a?strip?of?wood?(oak)?that? runs?along?the?edging?of?the?back?wall,?all?walls?are?made?of?oak?and?the?front? is?veneered?with?tulip?wood.??It?should?be?pointed?out?that?the?compartment? walls?are?not?veneered?like?other?Riesener?secr?taires.? ? The?safe?has?a?simple?dual?bolt?lock?that?requires?two?turns?to?completely?lock? the?safe?(see?lower?centre?picture).?? ? The?door?of?the?safe?is?a?made?by?using?tongue?and?groove?joints?to?join?the? ends?to?the?centreboards.??This?door?is?attached?to?the?body?of?the?piece?with? two?simple?butt?hinges.? MAKING?FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE?APPENDIX?E:?OVERVIEW?OF?OTHER?CONSTRUCTIONAL?ELEMENTS??????????PAGE?571? ? Appendix?E:??Overview?of?Other?Constructional?Elements? Drawer?Cavity,?Locks,?Keys Location:??Lower?section?(Con?t) ? Because?of?the?levered?doors,?the?lockbetween?the?two?sides?of?the?doors?is? quite?different?from?the?other?Riesener?pieces.??The?lock,?on?the?right??(see?the? picture?in?the?centre?panel)?causes?a?slide?mechanism?to??pinch??two?separate? pieces?of?brass?(one?toward?the?top?and?the?other?toward?the?bottom?of?the? door?opening??see?the?picture?in?the?right?panel)?on?the?other?side?of?the? levered?doors. MAKING?FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE?APPENDIX?E:?OVERVIEW?OF?OTHER?CONSTRUCTIONAL?ELEMENTS??????????PAGE?572? ? Appendix?E:??Overview?of?Other?Constructional?Elements? Drawer?Cavity,?Locks,?Keys The?Versailles?Secr?taire???Abattant ? As?mentioned?in?the?introduction?to?this?piece?in?the?drawer?section?and?the? overview,?this?is?another?secr?taire?that?displays?numerous?differences?from? the?original?pieces.?This?section?points?out?several?of?these?differences.??? Location:??Top?Drawer ? The?drawer?cavity,?though?similar?in?features?of?the?other?drawers?is? executed?slightly?differently.??The?oak?runner?on?the?side?is?much?wider? and?the?veneer?at?the?front?is?much?wider?compared?to?previously?seen? examples.?? ? Unlike?many?of?the?other?Riesener?secr?taire???abattant?this?one?has?a? very?simple,?single?action,?single?bolt?lock?(very?much?like?the?ones?that? Chippendale?used?on?the?Harewood?Library?Table.??? ? Similarly,?the?keys?used?to?open?this?secr?taire???abattant?were?of?a? simpler?design?than?those?previously?seen.?? ? Again,?the?keys?appear?not?to?be?original?as?the?cuts?in?the?tooth?are?very? simple?as?are?the?handles.? MAKING?FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE?APPENDIX?E:?OVERVIEW?OF?OTHER?CONSTRUCTIONAL?ELEMENTS??????????PAGE?573? ? Appendix?E:??Overview?of?Other?Constructional?Elements? Drawer?Cavity,?Locks,?Keys Versailles?Secr?taire???Abattant?(Con?t)? Location:??Behind?the?Fall?Front ? In?addition?to?the?overall?design?of?the?fall?front?section?being?different,? the?sizes?and?the?functioning?of?the?drawers?within?this?section?are? different.??? ? The?left?picture?shows?two?differences.??First?of?all?the?small?drawer?has?a? lock.??Like?the?top?drawer?lock,?this?lock?is?a?simple?single?action,?single? bolt?lock.??The?creative?variation?of?this?lock?is?that?the?lock?on?the?lower? drawer?also?locks?the?top?drawer?(the?bolt?extends?through?the?small?hole? that?is?visible?on?the?bottom?of?the?top?drawer?cavity.)?The?other? difference?is?that?there?is?no?veneer?around?the?front?edge?of?the?drawer? cavity.?? ? Although?the?lock?on?the?fall?front?is?a?single?action?lock,?it?does?have?bolts? that?extend?both?through?the?top?(in?this?case?it?does?not?also?lock?the?top? drawer?as?we?have?seen?it?has?its?own?lock)?and?through?the?sides.?? Location:??Lower?section ? ?The?doors?on?the?lower?section?are?held?to?the?frame?by?simple?butt?hinges? and?not?the?pin?hinges?frequently?seen?on?Riesener?cabinets.??Like?other? cabinets?there?is?a?safe.??This?time?the?lock?is?a?on?the?safe?is?similar?to?that? seen?on?the?top?drawer?and?the?small?drawer?(single?action,?single?bolt)?with? the?bolt?going?through?a?plate?and?into?a?hole?cut?into?the?lower?cabinet.? ? As?seen?next,?the?door?locks?attach?to?the?cabinet?by?allowing?a?plate? attached?to?the?shelf?to?be?inserted?in?the?centre?of?the?lock.??The?operation? of?locking?the?door?is?accomplished?by?sending?a?pin?through?the?plate.???The? lock?is?again?a?simple?single?action?ward?lock.? ? Another?key?difference?is?that?the?doors?do?not?use?the?same?tongue?and? groove?joint?that?other?Riesener?cabinets?exhibited.??Instead?a?halving?or? bridle?joint?is?used.?(This?is?discussed?in?the?body?of?the?text?in?Chapter?5.) MAKING?FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE?APPENDIX?E:?OVERVIEW?OF?OTHER?CONSTRUCTIONAL?ELEMENTS??????????PAGE?574? ? Appendix?E:??Overview?of?Other?Constructional?Elements? Drawer?Cavity,?Locks,?Keys Versailles?Secr?taire???Abattant?(Con?t) Location:??Lower?section?(Con?t)? .