FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE?APPENDIX?D:??OVERVIEW?OF?DRAWER?CONSTRUCTION?????????????????????????????????????????????PAGE?543? ? Over?View?of?Drawer?Construction???Library?Tables?? ? This?section?begins?the?process?of?looking?at?the?drawers?that?were?constructed?with?Chippendale?s? Library?Tables.??? ? FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE?APPENDIX?D:??OVERVIEW?OF?DRAWER?CONSTRUCTION?????????????????????????????????????????????PAGE?544? ? ? Over?View?of?Drawer?Construction? Picture/Brief?Description?of?Harewood?Library?Table? ? ? ?Very?ornate?Neo?Classical?design?of?library?table?with?extensive?applications?of? ormolu?and?marquetry.?There?are?a?number?of?drawers?that?are?located?in? various?locations?around?the?table.??The?first?drawer?is?one?at?the?centre,? between?the?two?pedestals,?which?opens?up?from?the?front?side1?of?the?desk.?? This?drawer?is?large?enough?to?hold?architectural?drawings.??This?drawer?is? locked?with?a?key.?This?drawer?extends?the?width?of?the?entire?table,?as?on?the? other,?back,?side?of?the?centre?of?this?table?is?a?false?drawer?front.??The?next? four?drawers?are?located?on?each?of?the?corners?of?the?table?and?are,?like?the? centre?drawer,?are?locked?with?the?same?key.??The?front?side?of?each?of?the? two?pedestals?contain?three?more?drawers.??While?these?are?not?locked? themselves,?they?are?secured?by?the?pedestal?doors?that?close?on?these? drawers.???Again,?the?same?key?is?used?to?open?the?cabinet?doors.?? Location:?Upper?section?centre?of?'front'?of?Library?Table? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?This?drawer?is?large?enough?(extending?the?entire?width?of?the?library?table)?to? hold?large?drawings?such?as?architectural?designs.???As?mentioned?before,? because?this?is?such?a?large?drawer,?there?is?no?drawer?emanating?from?the? other?side???instead?it?is?made?to?look?like?a?drawer.?The?sides?and?bottom?of? this?drawer?are?made?of?oak,?while?the?front?is?made?of?mahogany?and? veneered?with?an?interlocking?circular?patterned?marquetry.??This?pattern?of? marquetry?runs?across?around?all?sides?of?this?library?table.??Besides?its?size,? this?drawer?has?most?typical?Chippendale?characteristics?such?as?long?thin? lapse?dovetails?on?the?front?and?short,?thick?back?dovetails?(The?average?angle? for?these?dovetails?is?84?degrees?which?as?shown?below?produces?a?very?long? thin?dovetail.2?While?these?dovetails?are?15?mm?long?they?are?only?4?mm?wide? at?the?end.),?the?use?of?thin?strips?of?wood?(7mm)?pinned?to?act?as?a?drawer? rail.??On?the?back?are?through?dovetails?that?are?relatively?short?and?thick.??The? sides?and?the?back?are?all?of?fairly?thick?(10.5?mm)?and?very?tightly,?evenly? grained?oak.??? ? ?The?bottom?is?also?made?of?well?selected?examples?of?oak?that?is?10.5?mm? thick,?with?the?grain?running?from?side?to?side?across?the?bottom?of?the? drawer.??It?is?attached?to?the?bottom?by?the?use?of?a?rabbit?joint?into?which?the? bottom?is?inserted?then?held?in?place?by?the?7mm?thick?railing?that?is?pinned? to?it.??On?the?front?of?this?drawer?is?a?small?ormolu?drop?handle?and?it?is?locked? with?a?single?action?bolt?lock?(this?is?shown?in?more?detail?in?the?appendix? showing?other?constructional?elements???see?Appendix?D.)? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 1?It?is?assumed?that?the??Front??side?of?the?desk?is?the?direction?on?which?the?drawers?open.??On?the?other?side,?the?pedestals? door?open?up?to?two?sets?of?file?storage?areas.??It?is?assumed?that?this?is?the?backside?of?the?desk.?? ? ? ? ? ? ? FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE?APPENDIX?D:??OVERVIEW?OF?DRAWER?CONSTRUCTION?????????????????????????????????????????????PAGE?545? ? Over?View?of?Drawer?Construction? Harewood?Library?Table?(con?t)? Location:??Upper?section?on?either?side?of?the?centre?'drawer'? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?These?drawers?are?located?on?the?four?corners?of?the?table.??On?the?front? side,?they?rest?on?each?side?of?a?large?centre?drawer,?on?the?back;?they?are? on?either?side?of?a?false?drawer.??The?materials?used?for?these?drawers?are? the?same?as?that?used?in?the?centre?drawer???a?finely?evenly?grained?oak?for? the?sides?and?mahogany?for?the?front.??Again,?the?face?is?decorated?with?a? sequential?circular?design???executed?in?marquetry.??Unlike?the?centre? drawer,?this?has?a?small?rosette?executed?in?ormolu.??As?with?the?centre? drawer?these?are?locked?with?simple?single?bolt?lock.? ? There?are?differences?in?how?the?drawers?were?constructed?however.??Since? these?drawers?overhang?on?the?outside?of?each?drawer?(see?the?top?picture)? the?dovetails?are?not?visible?on?this?side?(most?likely?Chippendale?used?a? mortise?and?tenon?joint?on?these?locations.)?On?the?inside?(lower?Picture)? the?dovetails?are?visible.??As?with?the?prior?drawer,?the?dovetails?used?on?the? front?are?very?long?and?narrow?dovetails?but?they?were?slightly?less?narrow? (an?82?degree?angle,)?resulting?in?a?slightly?wider?end?(5.8?mm?average).?? ? ?Also?like?the?prior?drawer?the?back?dovetails?are?short?and?thick.??The? bottom?of?the?drawer?there?is?a?thin?(7?mm)?strip?of?wood?(oak)?tacked?on? the?bottom.?? Location:??In?Pedestal?at?front?of?desk? ? ? ?These?three?drawers?are?located?in?both?the?right?and?left?pedestals?on?the? front?of?the?desk?behind?a?locked?door.??These?drawers?are?located?in?the? pedestals?on?either?side?of?the?large?drawer?that?was?discussed?first?in?this? table.?The?sides,?back?and?bottom?are?made?of?oak,?as?are?all?other?drawers,? the?front?is?mahogany.??The?handles?for?these?drawers?are?gilted?d?shaped? drop?handles.?? ? ?Shown?are?the?front?dovetails?for?these?drawers.??As?before,?these?are?long? thin?lapse?dovetails.??The?only?difference?in?the?three?drawers?is?the?number? of?dovetails,?the?top?has?four,?the?middle?has?five?and?the?lower?has?six.?? Obviously?this?accommodates?the?wider?drawer?sizes.??The?back?dovetails?(not? shown)?were?the?same?as?seen?in?the?prior?pictures.??Furthermore,?as?before,? those?on?the?back?are?through?dovetails.?As?with?the?prior?examples,?the?back? dovetails?are?shorter?and?are?wider.???It?is?also?interesting?to?note?that?the? number?of?dovetails?in?the?back?always?equalled?the?number?in?the?front.??The? bottom?(not?shown)?was?the?same?design?as?on?the?first?two?drawers.?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? (Same?style?as?shown?in?prior?drawer.)? (Same?style?as?shown?in?prior?drawer.)? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 2?The?detailed?statistics?that?are?included?in?Appendix?F?show?the?sizes?of?these?and?the?other?dovetails?as?well?as?other?key? statistics?concerning?the?drawer?construction.)?? ? ? ? FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE?APPENDIX?D:??OVERVIEW?OF?DRAWER?CONSTRUCTION?????????????????????????????????????????????PAGE?546? ? ? Over?View?of?Drawer?Construction? Picture/Brief?Description?of?Wilton?House?Library?Table? ? ? ?Produced?by?Chippendale?for?Pembroke?House?in?London?(currently?in?the? Wilton?House),?this?desk?follows?closely?to?designs?that?were?provided?in?his? third?edition?of?The?Director.??Typical?of?many?of?his?library?tables,?on?one? side?there?are?two?pillars?with?locking?doors?which?cover?two?sets?of?three? drawers?(again?this?is?identified?as?the??front??side).?Similar?to?the?Harewood? table,?all?of?the?drawers?are?made?using?oak?on?the?bottom,?the?sides?and? the?back?and?solid?mahogany?for?the?front.???Unlike?the?Harewood?desk,?the? three?drawers?in?each?of?the?pedestals?are?all?the?same?size.??On?the?other? sides?these?two?supporting?sections?contain?file?dividers?as?the?original? Harewood?table.??Another?difference?between?this?piece?and?the?Harwood? table?is?that?instead?of?a?top?row?of?drawers?on?both?the?front?and?back?of? the?desk,?there?is?a?large?drawing?table?that?unfolds?from?a?drawer?on?the? right?side?(as?one?faces?the?front)?and?a?large?drawer?extending?halfway? across?the?length?of?the?table?on?the?other?side.??Since?these?two?drawers? (the?drawing?table?and?the?large?drawer?on?the?opposite?side,?there?are?no? drawers?on?the?top?row?that?open?from?either?the?front?or?the?back?of?the? table.?? Location:??Left?Side?opposite?Drawing?Table? ? ? ?This?drawer?is?located?on?the?side,?opposite?from?the?drawing?table.?Like?the? centre?drawer?on?the?Harewood?desk?this?is?large?enough?to?hold? architectural?drawings.?? ? ?Again,?besides?its?size,?this?drawer?has?most?typical?Chippendale? characteristics?for?drawers.???However,?the?dovetails?are?not?as?slender?as?in? the?Harewood?desk,?nor?are?they?as?consistent.?Also,?in?this?case?the?front?is? made?of?mahogany?without?any?veneers?or?marquetry.? ? ?The?desk?draw?for?the?folding?drawing?table?is?similar?in?terms?of?the? number?of?dovetails?There?is?one?limitation?in?that?the?draw?could?not?be? pulled?out?all?the?way?to?expose?the?rear?dovetails.?As?with?the?Harewood? Library?table,?this?drawer?was?locked?with?a?single?action,?single?bolt?brass? and?steel?lock.?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? (Same?style?as?shown?for?next? drawer.)? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? (Same?style?as?shown?for?next? drawer.)? ? ? ? FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE?APPENDIX?D:??OVERVIEW?OF?DRAWER?CONSTRUCTION?????????????????????????????????????????????PAGE?547? ? Over?View?of?Drawer?Construction? Wilton?House?Library?Table?(Con?t)? Location:??Front?of?desk?in?Both?Pedestals?(Behind?Locked?Doors)? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?Front?of?desk,?behind?a?locking?door?in?the?pedestal.??As?seen?on?the?prior? drawer?and?on?the?Harewood?desk,?the?front?dovetails?are?long?and?slender? lapped?dovetails.???However,?these?are?not?as?narrow?as?the?Harewood?table? dovetails,?they?do?start?very?narrowly?(between?1?and?2?mm)?and?thus?are? more?decorative?than?practical?in?their?appearance.??Besides?this?difference,? the?construction?of?these?drawers?is?identical?to?the?Harewood?piece.??The? back?dovetails?are?shorter?and??fatter??the?bottom?is?inserted?into?a?rabbet? joint?in?the?two?sides?and?a?rebate?in?the?front,?with?a?thin?4?mm?piece?of? wood?which?is?pinned?to?the?bottom?to?protect?the?bottom?of?the?drawer? from?the?wear?of?moving?in?and?out?of?the?drawer?cavity.??? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE?APPENDIX?D:??OVERVIEW?OF?DRAWER?CONSTRUCTION?????????????????????????????????????????????PAGE?548? ? ? Over?View?of?Drawer?Construction? Picture/Brief?Description?of?Nostell?Priory?House?Library?Table? ? Chippendale?originally?made?this?library?table?for?the?library?at?Nostell?Priory? (where?it?currently?resides),?which?was?designed?by?the?architect?Robert? Adam.??This?table?represents?one?of?the?earliest?times?that?Chippendale? worked?with?Adams?to?design?a?piece?of?furniture?specifically?to?match?an? Adam?designed?interior.??This?desk?borrows?some?elements?from?both?the? Rococo?and?Neo?Classical?designs,?though?it?is?predominately?a?Neo?classical? design.?Unlike?the?Harewood?table,?this?piece?did?not?make?use?of?marquetry? or?ormolu;?instead?most?external?surfaces?were?covered?with?solid?mahogany.? In?addition?there?are?several?components?that?are?made?of?solid?mahogany? (such?as?the?drawer?fronts).??The?mahogany?wood?is?decorated?with?carvings? of?lions?and?lion?s?feet,?and?swags?of?garland.? ? Location:??Top?Pedestal?Drawer?at?Back?of?Desk?(Above?File?Storage)? ? ? ?This?is?one?of?two?drawers?located?at?the?top?of?each?of?the?pedestals,?on? the?back?of?the?desk?over?the?section?with?the?vertical?files.??The?sides?and? the?bottom?of?these?drawers?were?made?of?very?carefully?selected?pieces?of? oak.??This?is?consistent?with?both?the?Harewood?and?the?Wilton?table.??Also? as?seen?on?the?Harewood?desk,?the?front?dovetails?are?long?and?slender?(82? degree?angle?and?the?end?is?less?than?5?mm?wide?and?the?dovetail?is?15?mm? long)?and?the?back?dovetails?are?short?(7?mm)?and?thick?(5mm?and?the?angle? for?the?dovetail?is?76?degree),?and?the?bottom?is?held?on?by?attaching?strips? of?wood?to?the?edge?of?the?bottom?with?glue?and?small?pins.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Location:??Top?Centre?Drawer?on?Front?and?Back?of?Desk? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?This?drawer?is?in?the?centre?of?the?backside?of?the?desk.??It?is?duplicated?on? the?frontside?of?the?desk.??The?two?drawers?not?only?appear?the?same?in? their?design,?they?are?structurally?almost?identical.?? ? ?One?thing?stands?out?as?different?from?some?of?the?other?drawers?is?that?it? has?a?large?lip?on?the?bottom?which?acts?to?enhance?the?decoration?(adding? the?curved?shape?to?the?bottom?of?the?drawer)?and?as?a?drawer?stop?(hence? no?need?for?the?small?hexagonal?shaped?pieces?glued?to?the?frame)?The? dovetails?and?the?bottom?are?very?typical?with?Chippendale?s?workshop.?? The?front?dovetails?are?long?and?slender,?the?back?are?wide?and?thicker.??The? bottom?has?small?strips?around?the?edge,?which?are?pinned?to?the?drawer? bottom?and?glued?to?the?edge?of?the?side.??? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE?APPENDIX?D:??OVERVIEW?OF?DRAWER?CONSTRUCTION?????????????????????????????????????????????PAGE?549? ? Over?View?of?Drawer?Construction? Nostell?Prior?Desk?(Con?t)? Location:??Top?Centre?Drawer?on?Front?and?Back?of?Desk? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? (Same?back?design?as?for?the?prior? drawer.)? Location:??Front?of?Desk,?Within?Pedestal?behind?Door? ? ? ?Like?the?previous?two?desks?by?Chippendale,?this?desk?has,?on?the?front?of?the? desk,?drawers?behind?a?lockable?cabinet?door.??The?two?differences?from?the? Harewood?desk?are?the?inclusion?of?the?top?drawer?behind?the?door,?and?the? fact?that?the?four?drawers?behind?the?door?are?all?the?same?size?and?design.?? Recall?that?in?the?Harewood?table,?the?three?drawers?that?were?located?behind? the?locked?doors?were?different?sizes.??In?that?case,?the?lower?drawers?were? larger?than?the?higher?drawers.?? ? ?The?constructional?elements?were,?however,?the?same?or?very?similar?to?the? Harewood?table.??The?individual?drawers,?again,?have?very?long?slender?front? dovetails,?and?somewhat?short?and?thick?dovetails?in?the?back.??In?both?the?front? and?back?there?are?five?dovetails.??The?bottom?again?consisted?of?a?thick?(6?mm)? piece?of?oak?that?has?been?attached?with?a?rebated?sides?and?a?rebate?cut?into? the?front,?followed?by?a?thin?strip?of?wood?attached?with?steel?pins?on?top?of?the? bottom?piece.? ? ? (Same?back?design?as?for?the?prior? drawer.)? ? ? ? ? ? ? FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE?APPENDIX?D:??OVERVIEW?OF?DRAWER?CONSTRUCTION?????????????????????????????????????????????PAGE?550? ? ? Over?View?of?Drawer?Construction? Picture/Brief?Description?of?Dumfries?House?Library?Table? ? ? ?This?desk?follows?closely?to?the?overall?design?of?the?desk?that?was?made?for? Wilton?House.???The?features?on?this?desk?are?the?same?as?for?that?desk?(one? side?has?dividers?to?organise?files?and?on?the?other?two?sets?of?three?drawers? ??all?of?this?behind?locked?doors.??On?one?side,?a?large?drawer?pulls?out?to? expose?a?folding?drawing?table???again?this?is?similar?to?the?table?at?Wilton? House?and?the?other?side?is?a?large?drawer?that?is?designed?to?hold?large? pieces?of?papers?such?as?architectural?drawings.??One?difference?with?this? piece?vs.?the?Wilton?House?desk?is?the?fact?that?most?of?this?desk?has?a?very? simple?non?descript?style?while?the?drawer?handles?are?a?very?distinctively? Rococo?design?(Also,?these?are?very?high?quality?d?shaped?handles?that?are? made?out?of?a?gilded?metal.)???? ? Location:??Front?of?Table?in?Both?Pedestals? ? ? ?This?table?has?six?primary?drawers?(the?others?are?the?container?for?the? drawing?table?and?a?small?drawer?incorporated?within?the?drawing?table? drawer).??Each?of?these?six?drawers?is?the?same?size?and?they?are?in?the?front? side?of?each?of?the?two?pedestals.???As?seen?before?the?front?dovetails?are? long?and?slender,?the?back?are?short?and?fat,?the?bottom?is?held?on?by?strips? of?wood?that?are?glued?and?pinned?with?steel?pins?around?the?two?sides?and? the?front?(bottom)?of?the?drawer.???Furthermore,?the?number?of?front? dovetails?is?the?same?as?for?the?back.?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Location:??Drawing?Table?on?Left?Side?of?Desk? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? This?is?the?drawer,?which?hides?the?drawing?table.?? ? Note?this?drawer?could?not?be?pulled?out?all?the?way,?so?the?back?dovetails? could?not?be?viewed.?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE?APPENDIX?D:??OVERVIEW?OF?DRAWER?CONSTRUCTION?????????????????????????????????????????????PAGE?551? ? Over?View?of?Drawer?Construction? Dumfries?House?Library?Table?(Con?t)? Location:??Drawing?Table?on?Left?Side?of?Desk? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? (Back?dovetails?were?inaccessible.)?? (Same?back?design?as?for?the?prior? drawer.)?? Location:??Within?Drawing?Table?Drawer? ? ? ?This?very?small?drawer?is?incorporated?within?the?drawing?table?drawer.??It?is? specifically?designed?to?provide?the?user?with?the?implements?to?draw?(e.g.? pens,?ink,?sandbox,?and?sponge?box).??The?first?photograph?shows?the?three? compartments?that?contained?the?ink,?sponge?and?powder?for?drawing?in?ink.?? ? ? ?While?the?front?and?the?back?are?similar?to?other?Chippendale?drawer? constructions?(the?use?of?oak?on?the?sides,?back?and?bottom?and?mahogany?on? the?front,?long?skinny?lapsed?dovetails?on?the?front,?and?relatively?short?and? thick?dovetails?on?the?back),?the?bottom?is?different.??Instead?of?holding?the? bottom?of?the?drawer?in?with?a?small?strip?of?wood?that?is?pinned?on?to?the?body? of?the?drawer.??This?one?only?uses?a?rebate?with?the?bottom?inserted?into?the? rebate?and?glued?in?with?a?few?pins?to?hold?it?in?place.??It?is?most?likely?that?the? addition?of?the?small?strip?of?wood?to?the?bottom?was?viewed?as?unnecessary? because?of?the?small?size?of?this?drawer.?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE?APPENDIX?D:??OVERVIEW?OF?DRAWER?CONSTRUCTION?????????????????????????????????????????????PAGE?552? ? ? Over?View?of?Drawer?Construction? Picture/Brief?Description?of?Victoria?&?Albert?Dressing?Table? ? ? ?According?to?the?V?&?A?files,?this?dressing?and?writing?table?was?made?for?the? Harewood?by?Chippendale3.??It?is?decorated?with?the?same,?general?style?as? other?pieces?(The?Harewood?Library?table?discussed?earlier,?as?well?as?a?set? of?library?stairs).??There?are?two?sets?of?drawers?that?are?behind?the?two? doors?on?each?of?the?pedestals.??At?the?top,?is?a?drawer,?which?contains?the? dressing?table?features?such?as?a?folding?mirror,?compartments?for?brushes,? perfumes,?etc.??In?the?keyhole?section,?between?the?two?pedestals,?is?a?small? locked?cabinet,?in?the?two?pedestals?are?three?drawers.??Each?of?these?locks? with?the?same?key?that?opens?the?top?drawer?and?the?middle?cabinet.? Location:??Each?of?the?Two?Pedestals?? ? ? ?These?three?drawers?follow?the?material?conventions?that? Chippendale?used?on?the?prior?pieces?of?furniture?but?the? construction?techniques?did?differ.??First?of?all?the?front? dovetails,?are?not?the?long?slender?dovetails?that?were? included?on?the?other?pieces.??Secondly,?a?cock?beading?was? used?on?the?edges?of?the?three?drawers.??Like?the?Wilton?and? the?Dumfries?library?tables,?each?of?the?three?drawers?was?the? same?size.??? ? ?The?back?and?the?bottom?are?constructed?the?same?way?as?the? other?drawers.???? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 3?Some?of?the?differences?between?this?piece?and?the?other?Chippendale?pieces?of?furniture?are?discussed?in?detail?within? the?main?content?of?the?thesis.??? ? ? ? ? ? ?