? MAKING?FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE???Appendix?C.:??Overview?of?Library?Tables?by?Chippendale?? ??????and?Secr?taire???Abattants?by?Riesener?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Page?480? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? Appendix?C:??Overview?of?Secr?taire???Abattants?By?Riesener?and?Chippendale? ? Maker? Description/Location? Overall?Size? (CM)i? Historical?Context/?Constructional? Comments? External?Picture? Internal?Picture???Upper? Section? Internal?Picture???Lower? Section? Riesener?Secr?taire???Abattants? Riesener/? Oeben? Currently?located?at?the?Dalmeny?House? in?Scotland?and?is?owned?by?the?Earl?of? Rosebery.??Is?referred?to?as?the? Rosebery?secr?taire???abattant.?? ? The?top?section,?on?the?drop?front?is?a? female?figure?that?is?holding?up?one? finger?to?her?lips?as?if?to?ask?for? everyone?to?be?quiet;??hence?the?name? of?the?design?of??Silence?ii.?? Meanwhile?the?lower?section?uses?two? vases?surrounded?by?a??wreath??of? flowers?as?the?decorative?device?for?the? front?of?the?two?doors.??The?basic? structural?wood?is?oak?and?pine.??This?is? covered?with?veneers?of?Tulipwood,? kingwood,?and?purplewood.?The? marquetry?is?comprised?of?sycamore,? holly,?and?boxwoodiii.? ?? The?ormolu,?comprises?of?a?top?railing? (surrounding?the?marble?top),?followed? by?a?guilloche?pattern?with?larger? followed?by?smaller?circles,?the?? ? The?canted?edges?are?headed?by?two? figures???a?female?on?the?right?and?a? male?on?the?left.??Both?are?followed?by? three?gilded?inserts?that?run?to?the?feet,? which?are?decorated?by?acanthus?leaves? that?emerge?from?medallions?at?the?top? of?each?of?the?front?bracket?feet.? ? Surrounding?each?front?section?(the? drop?leaf,?the?two?doors)?are?ormolu? borders.??On?the?corners?are?small? Height:??142.2? Width:?111.8? Depth?44.5iv? The?original?owner?of?this?piece?is?not? known.??It?is?believed?that?this?was?the?first? of?the?so?called?Riesener?Oeben?designs?of? secr?taires.??According?to?Watsonv?this?one? may?have?been?made?by?Oeben?himself?and? not?in?collaboration?with?his?compagnon,? Riesener.???Since?Oeben?died?in?1763?this? secr?taire?must?have?been?made?before?that? date.vi??This?became?a?basic?model,?of?which? 8?similar?modes?were?produced?(most?by? Riesener,?but?several?possibly?by?both? Oeben?and?Riesener.)??All?8?were?of?similar? size,?and?had?similar?shape;?many?had?very? similar?ormolu,?and?similar?internal? configurations.??This?particular?piece?was? only?stamped?by?Oeben,?but,?according?to?P.? Hughes,?the?design?of??Silence??was? Riesenervii.?? ? Currently?this?is?called?the?Rosebery? Secretaire,?according?to?Christies,?because? it?s?current?owner.??? ? Besides?the?fact?that?this?piece?was?only? stamped?by?Oeben?(three?times)viii?one?of? the?reasons?that?this?piece?is?believed?to? have?been?made?before?Oeben?died?is?that? this?secr?taire?did?not?have?many?of?the? characteristics?that?were?typically?Riesener? such?as?the?flange?on?the?doors?for?the? lower?section?or?the?ability?of?the?back?to?be? ? ? ? MAKING?FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE???Appendix?C.:??Overview?of?Library?Tables?by?Chippendale?? ??????and?Secr?taire???Abattants?by?Riesener?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Page?481? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? Appendix?C:??Overview?of?Secr?taire???Abattants?By?Riesener?and?Chippendale? ? Maker? Description/Location? Overall?Size? (CM)i? Historical?Context/?Constructional? Comments? External?Picture? Internal?Picture???Upper? Section? Internal?Picture???Lower? Section? rosettes.? ? At?the?base?at?the?centre?is?a?man?s?face? with?a?floral?pattern?emerging.??The? sides?are?covered?with?a?mosaic? marquetry?pattern.?? ? This?author?does?not?know?what?the? internal?structure?of?this?piece?is.?It?is? believed?that?as?with?all?other?Riesener? secr?taires?the?carcass?and?the?drawers? are?made?of?oak.?While?there?is?some? pine,?it?is?limited?to?some?of?the?internal? (hidden)?structural?components.???? ? ? ? accessed?by?sliding?the?back?through?the? bottom.ix??The?use?of?the?geometric?pattern? was?also?common?on?Oeben?pieces.?While? other?characteristics?are?not?listed,?it?is? implied?that?other?differences?existed.??? The?design?elements?were?frequently?seen? in?later?Riesener?only?pieces.??An?example?is? the?figure?of??Silence??on?the?top?This?was? used?by?Riesener?on?several?other? secr?taires?and?on?other?types?of?furniture.? Hughes?also?states?that?this?piece?is?almost? identical?to?the?version?at?Waddesdon? Manor,?and?by?implication,?to?F300?in?The? Wallace?Collection.? ? Note?the?ormolu?in?this?piece?does?not?have? the?realistic?detail?that?is?frequently? associated?with?the?work?of?either? Gouthiere?or?Thomire.? ? MAKING?FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE???Appendix?C.:??Overview?of?Library?Tables?by?Chippendale?? ??????and?Secr?taire???Abattants?by?Riesener?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Page?482? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? Appendix?C:??Overview?of?Secr?taire???Abattants?By?Riesener?and?Chippendale? ? Maker? Description/Location? Overall?Size? (CM)i? Historical?Context/?Constructional? Comments? External?Picture? Internal?Picture???Upper? Section? Internal?Picture???Lower? Section? Riesener/? Oeben? This?piece?is?privately?owned?by?an? unknown?individual.?It?is?referred?to?in? as?the?Luton?Hoo?Secr?taire???abattant.?? The?top?on?this?secr?taire?consisted?of? Carrara?marble,?trimmed?with?a?Greek? key?designed?gallery.???Below?this?top? was?the?same?three?quarter?Greek?key? design?as?seen?on?the?gallery.??This? design?wrapped?from?the?back?of?one? side,?across?the?front,?and?over?to?the? back?of?the?other?side.?On?the?centre?of? the?front?the?key?design?was?broken?up? with?an?ormolu?design?of?Hercules? surrounded?by?putti?on?either?side.?This? frieze?is?fitted?with?three?spring? operated?drawers.? ? Below?is?the?fall?front,?which?is? decorated?with?an?oval?medallion? containing?the?figure??Silence?? surrounded?by?arrangements?of? different?foliage.?Inside?are?four? compartments?containing?hinged?flaps? and?four?small?cedar?lined?drawers.?? ? The?lower?section?has?two?tambour? shutters?inlaid?with?a?crowing?cockerel,? again,?surrounded?by?foliage.??Behind? these?shutters?are?a?safe?(coffre?fort),?a? locked?shelf?and?two?drawers.?? ? The?ormolu?begins?at?the?top?with?the? key?design?in?the?gallery,?followed?by? the?same?motif?in?the?upper?drawer? section.?At?the?top?of?the?chamfered? edges?are?carved?pilasters?headed?by? classical?busts?of?a?man?(right)?and?a? Height:??144.5? Width:?114.0? Depth?45.0? Again,?the?first?owner?of?this?piece?is?not? known.??It?is?called?the?Luton?Hoo?Secr?taire? or?the?Wernher?Secr?taire?when?it?was?sold? in?another?Christies?auction?as?part?of?sale? no.?6293?referred?to?as?Works?of?Art?from? the?Wernher?Collection?held?on?5?July?2000? to?its?current?owner.??? ? This?is?the?second?of?several?secr?taires?that? had?stamps?from?Riesener?and?Oeben?(It? was?thought?to?have?been?made?between? 1763?1768)?x?Although?based?on?what?was? considered?an?Oeben?constructional?design;? it?had?characteristics?suggesting?that? Riesener?made?it?(such?as?the?sliding?back.)? Another?relatively?new?feature?at?that?time? is?the?use?of?matted?with?burnished?ormolu.? The?designs?in?the?marquetry?were?designs? that?were?used?in?later?pieces?(The?Lady? ?Silence??on?the?drop?front?panel?which?was? also?used?on?the?Waddesdon?Manner? secr?taire?as?well?as?two?other?pieces?of? furniture?and?the?cockerel?allegory?to?France? on?the?lower?section?which?was?also?used?on? the?upper?section?of?The?Wallace?Collection? version?of?this?piece?of?furniture.)xi???While?it? seems?to?be?the?case?that?Riesener? constructed?this?piece?there?are?several? characteristics?that?are?reminiscent?of? Oeben.??These?include?the?general?shape? and?design?of?the?secr?taire???abattant,?the? geometric?pattern?on?the?sides?as?well?as? the?Greek?key?design???all?of?which?were?on? prior?Oeben?pieces?of?furniture.xii? ? ? ? ? ? MAKING?FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE???Appendix?C.:??Overview?of?Library?Tables?by?Chippendale?? ??????and?Secr?taire???Abattants?by?Riesener?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Page?483? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? Appendix?C:??Overview?of?Secr?taire???Abattants?By?Riesener?and?Chippendale? ? Maker? Description/Location? Overall?Size? (CM)i? Historical?Context/?Constructional? Comments? External?Picture? Internal?Picture???Upper? Section? Internal?Picture???Lower? Section? woman?(left)?with?cloth?draped? shoulders?and?dressed?hair?while?the? hair,?cloth?and?body?are?gilded,?the?face? is?identified?as?being?made?of?a? patinated?bronze.?On?the?bottom?of?the? corners?are?rosettes?which?have?been? applied?to?the?bracket?feet.??On?the? front,?surrounding?the?top?fall?front,? and?around?the?two?doors?on?the?lower? section?is?a?gilded?border?with?built?in? rosettes?on?each?corner.??At?the?lower? centre?is?the?patinated?bronze?face?of?a? male?figure?with?a?leaf?design?flowing? on?each?side.???On?each?of?the?cantered? edges?(under?each?of?the?classical?busts)? are?three??strips??in?gilded?metal,?and?a? large?rosette?at?the?bottom.? ? The?sides?are?decorated?with?a?trompe? l'oeil?motif?with?a?circular?marquetry? design?in?the?centre???all?of?which?is? framed?with?ormolu.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? The?ormolu?figures?are?the?same?design?as? those?on?the?Rosebery?secr?taire??? abattant,?with?the?exception?that?those?on? the?Rosebery?are?solid?gold,?while?these? have?black?(patinated)?faces.?? ? This?is?the?first?time?when?the?rosettes?are? embedded?within?the?border?of?the?drop? leaf?front.??In?the?earlier?version?(and?on? some?later?versions)?the?rosettes?are? separate?from?the?border.??Also?note?that? there?are?no?rosettes?on?the?lower?section.?? ? Note?again?the?ormolu?in?this?piece?does?not? have?the?realistic?detail?associated?with?the? work?of?either?Gouthiere?or?Thomire.?? ? MAKING?FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE???Appendix?C.:??Overview?of?Library?Tables?by?Chippendale?? ??????and?Secr?taire???Abattants?by?Riesener?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Page?484? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? Appendix?C:??Overview?of?Secr?taire???Abattants?By?Riesener?and?Chippendale? ? Maker? Description/Location? Overall?Size? (CM)i? Historical?Context/?Constructional? Comments? External?Picture? Internal?Picture???Upper? Section? Internal?Picture???Lower? Section? Riesener? ?This?piece?was?auctioned?by?Christies? on?5?Dec?1974?and?was?formally?located? in?Lansdowne?House,?Berkeley?Square,? London.?As?with?the?Luton?Hoo?piece,? its?current?location?is?unknown.?? ? This?piece?has?a?white?marble?top?with?a? interlace?ormolu?gallery.??Below?the? gallery?is?a?drawer?decorated?with? acanthus?scrolls?ormolu?and?a?small? marquetry?panel?of?Putti.? ? The?body?is?very?typical?of?Riesener:??it? is?decorated?with?chamfered?corners,? acanthus?scrolls,?and?other?decorative? ormolu?elements.?These?ended?at?the? bottom?with?acanthus?leaves?falling?out? of?a?rosette?on?bracket?feet.??The?sides? are?covered?with?trellis?marquetry?with? a?floral?design?in?the?centre?of?each? trapezoidal?element?and?the?front?has? three?panels?of?different?marquetry? scenes?(the?upper?section?with?a?music? and?floral?themed?trophy?and?each?the? two?lower?doors?being?covered?with? flowers?in?a?vase.)? ? The?ormolu?begins?with?a?simple? interlaced?gallery,?followed?by?acanthus? scrolls?and?leaves.??Then?the?canted? corners?are?topped?off?with?the?heads? of?two?female?figures.?The?middle? section?of?these?canted?corners?is? covered?with?a?burr?wood?veneer?that? was?probably?dyed?to?look?like?marble,? and?this?ends?with?an?acanthus?design? emerging?from?a?leaf.?? ? Similar?to?the?Rosebery?secr?taire??? Height:??144.0? Width:???111.5?? Depth:??45.5?? According?to?the?Christies?auction? catalogue,?this?was?stamped?by?Riesener? four?times?indicating?this?was?made?by? Riesener.???Referred?to?as?'The?Fountanieu?? in?another?Christies?catalogue?(June,?1999,? Sale?6139???Important?European?Furniture)? as?it?was?originally?supplied?to?P.?E.? Fontanieuxiv?on?23?Dec?1771.xv.? ? This?was?supposed?to?have?been?delivered?8? years?after?Oeben?s?death?so?this?is?almost? definitely?executed?entirely?by?Riesener.?? However,?it?still?has?many?of?the?general? design?elements?of?the?first?two?versions?of? this?secr?taire.??Thus,?Riesener?is?still?being? strongly?influenced?by?Oeben?s?designs.?? Later?models?of?secr?taire???abattant?were? smaller?and?as?time?went?on,?became?less? decorative.???? ? Compared?to?the?prior?two?secr?taire??? abattants?this?one?has?some?similarities?and? some?differences.??Similar?to?the?two?are?the? cantered?corners?(however?in?this?case,?the? chamfering?begins?at?the?top?in?the?marble? and?gallery,?where?as?in?the?prior?two?the? canter?starts?after?the?top?drawer.)?While? the?head?of?the?canters?is?decorated?with? the?heads?of?figures,?in?this?case?it?is?two? females,?in?the?prior?two?it?was?a?male?and?a? female,?This?model?is?the?first?to?follow?the? heads?with?an?acanthus?leaf?design?and?a? section?of?burr?veneer?dyed?to?look?like? marble.?The?bottom?of?the?cantered?edge? uses?the?same?rosette???acanthus?leaf? design?as?used?on?the?Rosebery?piece.?? ? The?front?on?the?top?drawer?has?ormolu?in? an?acanthus?leaf?swirl?design?with?a? ? ? ? ? ? MAKING?FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE???Appendix?C.:??Overview?of?Library?Tables?by?Chippendale?? ??????and?Secr?taire???Abattants?by?Riesener?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Page?485? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? Appendix?C:??Overview?of?Secr?taire???Abattants?By?Riesener?and?Chippendale? ? Maker? Description/Location? Overall?Size? (CM)i? Historical?Context/?Constructional? Comments? External?Picture? Internal?Picture???Upper? Section? Internal?Picture???Lower? Section? abattant?the?gilded?metal?surrounds?the? fall?front?and?the?two?doors.??One?each? of?the?corners?is?small?circular?rosettes? also?executed?in?ormolu.?? The?bottom?centrepiece?of?ormolu?is?a? basic?acanthus?leaf?design.?? ?? Behind?the?counter?balanced?fall?front? door,?are?a?number?of?compartments? with?6?small?drawers?(This?is?similar?to? several?of?the?other?Riesener?pieces.)?? This?piece?includes?a?secret? compartment?containing?two?small? drawers.??This?secret?compartment?is? opened?by?the?lock?on?the?fall?front.?? Behind?the?two?lower?doors?are?several? open?compartments,?two?drawers?and?a? locked?section?or?safe.xiii? marquetry?panel?in?the?centre.??While?both? prior?designs?had?ormolu?the?specific? elements?were?different.??Below?are?borders? surrounding?the?drop?leaf,?and?each?of?the? two?doors?with?rosettes?at?each?corner.??It?is? very?similar?to?the?Rosebery?secr?taire??? abattant?(the?only?difference?being?how?the? corners?are?handled?on?the?doors).?? ? At?the?bottom?is?another?leaf?design,?unlike? the?prior?two?secr?taire???abattants?which? had?male?figures?at?the?bottom.??Note?that? here?there?are?rosettes?near?the?border?on? the?doors?and?that?the?rosettes?are? separated?from?the?border?itself.? ? Similarly,?the?marquetry?though?different? from?other?pieces,?did?have?some? similarities.??The?top?had?a?musical/floral? theme?which?had?appeared?on?other? Riesener?furniture,?the?lower?sections?had? vases?with?flowers?(this?was?actually?quite? common?on?Riesener?furniture)?and?the? sides?were?covered?with?a?trellised??floral? design?which?later?became?almost?a? signature?element?of?Riesener?s?furniture.?? ? According?to?Christies,?this?Secr?taire??? Abattants?originally?cost?7000?livres? (reduced?from?6000?livre.xvi??? ? Note?that,?nor?does?the?ormolu?in?this?piece? have?the?realistic?detail?that?is?associated? with?the?work?of?either?Gouthiere?or? Thomire.??? ? ? ? ?? ? MAKING?FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE???Appendix?C.:??Overview?of?Library?Tables?by?Chippendale?? ??????and?Secr?taire???Abattants?by?Riesener?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Page?486? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? Appendix?C:??Overview?of?Secr?taire???Abattants?By?Riesener?and?Chippendale? ? Maker? Description/Location? Overall?Size? (CM)i? Historical?Context/?Constructional? Comments? External?Picture? Internal?Picture???Upper? Section? Internal?Picture???Lower? Section? Riesener? This?time?it?was?part?of?The?Bergsten? Collection?by?Christies?but?it?is?unknown? who?purchased?this?piece.?(It?was?last? sold?in?Christies?lot?134,?June,?1999,? Sale?6139???Important?European? Furniture).??Known?as?the?Bergsten? secr?taire???abattant.? ? The?top?is?Br?che?d'Alep?marble.??Just? below?this?is?a?drawer,?which?is? decorated?with?a?foliate?ormolu?mount? with?conforming?frieze?on?the?sides.? This?foliate?ormolu?follows?a?guilloche? pattern?with?larger?followed?by?smaller? circles.???The?panels?on?the?sides?are? decorated?with?a?repeated?three? dimensional?cube?pattern?of?parquetry? (this?is?a?common?theme?used?by? Oeben)?with?a?centre?floral?pattern.??? On?the?fall?front?door,?there?is?a?central? trophy?depicting?a?lyre?and?books,?along? with?laurel?and?flowers.??Below?this,?on? the?two?doors,?are?ribbon?tied?floral? displays.??These?are?surrounded?by?a? wooden?border?and?ormolu?circular? patterns?at?each?of?the?corners.?? On?the?chamfered?edges?are?topped? with?large?rosettes,?followed?by? depictions?of?a?ladies?head?and?upper? torso?also?cast?in?gilded?metal?ormolu.?? As?with?the?Fontanieu?secr?taire?this?is? followed?by?a?section?of?burr?veneer? that?is?supposed?to?give?the?impression? of?marble.???At?the?bottom?there?is?no? ormolu,?just?a?black?border?surrounding? a?similar?burr?veneer?pattern.? ? Similar?to?other?pieces?of?Riesener?s,?in? the?top?section,?there?are?six? Height:??144.0? Width:???111.0?? Depth:??47.0?? The?piece?is?reported?to?have?both?Riesener? and?Oeben?stamps?suggesting?that?this? piece?was?at?least?started?when?Riesener's? master,?Oeben,?was?still?alive.?This?piece? also?has?a?stamp?for?the?church?the?Sacre? Coeur?suggesting?that?at?one?time?the?clergy? owned?this.??? ? ?This?was?probably?dating?from?1770?1775? however?the?exact?date?is?not?known?nor?do? we?know?who?it?was?originally?made.?? However?we?do?know,?that?at?a?later?time,? this?secr?taire?en?armoire?was?purchased?by? Consul?General?Karl?Bergsten,?from?L.? Kraemer?&?fils,?Paris?on?23?April?1937?More? recently?it?was?again?auctioned?and?sold?to?a? private?buyer.??? ? While?similar?in?general?design?to?the?other? secretaries,?in?general,?this?one?is?much?less? ornate,?with?less?ormolu?than?the?prior? examples.??Some?of?the?elements?that?are? not?on?this?secr?taire?are:??the?gallery?at?the? top,?the?ormolu?borders?surrounding?the?fall? front?and?the?lower?sections?doors?and?any? ormolu?at?the?bottom?of?the?cantered?legs.?? Besides,?eliminating?much?of?the?ormolu,? some?of?the?remaining?pieces?are?simpler? such?as:??the?use?of?circular?designs?at?the? corners?instead?of?more?highly?carved? rosettes,?the?use?of?a?simpler?design?at?the? bottom,?centre?of?the?front,?foliate?design?at? the?base? ? Note?that?the?ormolu?in?this?piece?does?not? have?the?realistic?detail?that?is?associated? with?the?work?of?either?Gouthiere?or? Thomire.???? ? ? ? ? ? ? MAKING?FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE???Appendix?C.:??Overview?of?Library?Tables?by?Chippendale?? ??????and?Secr?taire???Abattants?by?Riesener?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Page?487? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? Appendix?C:??Overview?of?Secr?taire???Abattants?By?Riesener?and?Chippendale? ? Maker? Description/Location? Overall?Size? (CM)i? Historical?Context/?Constructional? Comments? External?Picture? Internal?Picture???Upper? Section? Internal?Picture???Lower? Section? pigeonholes?along?with?six?small? drawers?(based?on?description?only,? there?are?no?pictures?available).??The? catalogue?makes?no?mention?of?any? secret?compartments.??In?the?lower? section,?while?similar?in?that?it?has?4? compartments?over?two?drawers?and?a? locked?safe,?it?is?unusual?in?that?it?has? two?small?drawers?specifically?designed? to?hold?coins.??These?two?drawers?are? made?to?blend?into?the?background?and? thus?are?partly?disguised.?xvii? ?? Riesener? As?with?the?prior?examples,?the? ownership?of?this?model?is?unknown?at? this?time.?Known?in?this?thesis?as?the? Guerault?secr?taire? ? Because?this?model?is?almost?identical? to?the?Bergsten?Secr?taire?detailed? descriptions?will?not?be?included?here.?? Only?to?say?that?the?colours?of?this? pieces?have?been?preserved?better?than? on?most?of?these?secretaries.?As?a? result,?one?can?see?that?the?burr?veneer? on?the?centre?piece?on?each?side,?under? the?head?pieces?on?the?cantered? corners,?as?well?as?the?satinwood? behind?the?ormolu?on?the?top?drawer? section?were?all?stained?green.??? ? It?is?unknown?as?to?the?inside?structure? of?this?piece?of?furniture.??? ? ? ? ? Height:??144.0? Width:?111.0?? Depth:??47.0? According?to?the?Christies?Catalogues,?this?is? called?the??Guerault?Secretaire??as?it?was? sold?from?the?collection?of?Fran?ois?Guerault? in?Paris,?1935xviii.??? Also?this?is?described?as??almost?identical?to? the?Bergsten?Secr?taire?except?for?the? flower?spray?in?the?lower?drawers.?This?was? stamped?Riesener.?xix?xx? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? MAKING?FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE???Appendix?C.:??Overview?of?Library?Tables?by?Chippendale?? ??????and?Secr?taire???Abattants?by?Riesener?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Page?488? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? Appendix?C:??Overview?of?Secr?taire???Abattants?By?Riesener?and?Chippendale? ? Maker? Description/Location? Overall?Size? (CM)i? Historical?Context/?Constructional? Comments? External?Picture? Internal?Picture???Upper? Section? Internal?Picture???Lower? Section? This?is?currently?in?the?Mus?e?d?Art?et? d?Histoire,?Geneva.?It?is?called?the? Michelham?secr?taire.? ? Similar?to?both?the?Bergsten?and?the? Guerault?Secretaires,?the?top?does?not? have?a?gallery.??Instead?it?has?piece?of? marble?for?the?top.??The?next?layer?(the? top?drawer?section)?has?a?guilloche? pattern?with?rosettes?at?each?of?the? chamfered?corners.??This?section?is? bordered?(both?top?and?bottom)?with?a? simple?ormolu?piping.??Within?the?open? circles?in?the?guilloche?pattern?is?filled? with?small?rosettes.?Again,?the?tops?of? the?chamfered?edges?are?topped?with? ancient?figures?(this?time?both?are? female)?followed?by?stained?burr?veneer? and?a?diamond?patterned?plaque.??? ? On?the?front,?each?the?drop?front?and? each?of?the?doors?are?surrounded?by? the?same?simple?gilded?metal?border?as? above?and?below?the?top?drawer.?The? corners?are?once?again?filled?with?small? rosettes?and?on?the?bottom?of?the?front? is?the?same?figure?as?seen?at?the?bottom? of?the?Rosebery?piece.?? ? The?marquetry?is?similar?to?others,?the? top;?on?the?drop?leaf?there?is?a? combination?of?flowers,?books?a?lyre,? surrounded?by?ribbons?and?a?wreath?of? leaves?and?flowers.? ? The?inside?of?the?top?section?contains? six?drawers?and?only?two? compartments.??The?smaller?number?of? pigeonholes.??In?the?lower?section,? Height:??125.8? Width:???86.5? Depth:??39.5? This?secr?taire???abattant.?Was?stamped? Riesener?and?according?to?Prad?re,?it?was? produced?in?1775.??The?beveled?corners,? with?the?busts,?the??arts??marquetry?on?the? top?section?and?floral?displays?on?the?two? lower?doors?are?all?similar?to?other?versions? that?were?made?during?this?timexxi.??? ? According?to?the?Christies?Catalogues,?this?is? the??Michelham?Secretaire??as?it?was?part? of?the?Michelham?bequest?to?a?museum?in? Geneva?(The?Mus?e?d?Art?et?d?Histoire,? Geneva.)? ? It?is?interesting?to?note?that?this?secr?taire?is? both?shorter?and?narrower?than?those,? which?have?preceded?this?version.??This?is? correlated?with?the?lower?number?of? compartments?in?the?top?section?and?the? reduced?number?of?features?in?the?lower? section.???? ? Although?not?as?sparse?as?the?Bergsten?or? the?Guerault?secretair?s,?the?ormolu?is? simpler,?less?populated?than?previously? show?examples?of?Riesener?s?secretaries.?On? this?particular?secr?taire?Riesener?borrows? some?pieces?of?ormolu?from?other?pieces? (the?female?figures,?the?males?face?on?the? bottom,?the?rosettes,?the?guilloche)?but? adds?some?new?ones?(the?plain?ormolu?for? borders,?the?square?pieces?on?the?base?of? the?canted?corners.? ? Also,?on?the?details?once?can?see?that?the? ormolu?continues?to?be?screwed?on?from? the?outside.??This?includes?the?head?pieces.??? ? Obviously,?given?the?relatively?simple? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? MAKING?FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE???Appendix?C.:??Overview?of?Library?Tables?by?Chippendale?? ??????and?Secr?taire???Abattants?by?Riesener?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Page?489? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? Appendix?C:??Overview?of?Secr?taire???Abattants?By?Riesener?and?Chippendale? ? Maker? Description/Location? Overall?Size? (CM)i? Historical?Context/?Constructional? Comments? External?Picture? Internal?Picture???Upper? Section? Internal?Picture???Lower? Section? there?is?one?drop?front?leaf?that?locks.?? ?? ormolu,?the?smaller?size,?the?simplicity?of? the?internal?sections,?this?is?not?one?of? Riesener?s?most?exclusive?versions?of?this? secr?taire?suggesting?that?this?was?not?made? for?one?of?the?leading?members?of?the?Royal? family.??? ? The?size?difference?and?the?configuration?of? the?internal?components?bring?to?mind?the? question?of?it?being?classified?as?one?of??8? Oeben?Riesener?designs?.? ? Note?that?the?ormolu?in?this?piece?still?does? not?display?the?realistic?detail?that?is? associated?with?the?work?of?either? Gouthiere?or?Thomire.? Riesener? This?piece?is?currently?at?the? Waddesdon?Manor,?hence?its?name?The? Waddsdon?Manor?Secr?taire.? ? This?secr?taire?has??Silence??on?the?drop? front?on?the?top?and?two?panels?of? flowers?on?the?doors?on?the?lower? section.??On?the?cantered?corners?are? gilded?metal?figures?set?on?top?of?a? ?column??of?burr?wood.??This?column? stands?upon?feet?decorated?with?an? acanthus?leaf?coming?out?of?a?medallion? in?gilded?metal.? ? The?carcass?is?made?of?oak?and?pine?and? the?drawers?are?made?of?oak.?The?pine? is?limited?to?some?of?the?internal? (hidden)?structural?components.??A? number?of?different?veneers?are?used? on?the?outside?and?the?inside.??The? marquetry?contains?sycamore,? boxwood,?holly,?ebony,?and?some? Height:??142.1?? Width:??113.5? Depth:??48.1? ? This?is?the?last?of?the?set?of?eight?Oeben? Riesener?design?models.??This?drop?front? secr?taire?(no?2904?in?the?Garde?Meuble)? was?delivered?by?Riesener?to?the?Petit? Trianon,?to?be?placed?in?the?King?s?quarters? in?August?1777xxiii??? ? This?secr?taire?is?most?similar?to?the?one? that?is?currently?located?at?The?Wallace? Collection?(F303)?in?that?it?has?very?similar? flower?pattern?on?each?side,?and?the?general? construction?and?materials.? ? There?are?few?surprises?to?this?piece,?the? marquetry?designs?were?similar?to?those?of? other?pieces?(?Silence??on?the?drop?front? panel?is?similar?to?Riesener?s?Luton?Hoo? secr?taire,?the?floral?pattern?on?the?bottom? two?doors?is?present?on?a?number?of? Riesener?pieces)?the?detailed?marquetry?on? the?side?panels?are?very?similar?to?a? secr?taire?in?The?Wallace?Collection?and?the? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? MAKING?FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE???Appendix?C.:??Overview?of?Library?Tables?by?Chippendale?? ??????and?Secr?taire???Abattants?by?Riesener?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Page?490? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? Appendix?C:??Overview?of?Secr?taire???Abattants?By?Riesener?and?Chippendale? ? Maker? Description/Location? Overall?Size? (CM)i? Historical?Context/?Constructional? Comments? External?Picture? Internal?Picture???Upper? Section? Internal?Picture???Lower? Section? unidentified?burrs.??Some?of?these? veneers?were?engraved,?and?some?were? dyed.?On?the?inside?the?veneers?consist? of?tulipwood,?mahogany,?an? unidentified?burr?wood,?many?items? were?edged?with?ebony?and?boxwood.???? ? As?with?other?pieces,?the?back?is?a?single? unit?composed?of?an?assembly?of?stiles,? rails,?cross?rails?and?panels?made?of?oak.?? ? The?top?drawer?is?decorated?with?gilt? metal?acanthus?arabesques?mounted? on?the?sides?and?on?the?drawer?front.?? At?the?centre?is?the?head?of?Hercules? supported?on?each?side?by?putti.? ? On?the?drop?front,?is?a?marquetry?panel? of??Silence??framed?in?an?oval?of? boxwood?various?wreaths?and?ribbons? all?on?a?sycamore?background??(thought? to?have?originally?been?stained?grey).? This?is?surrounded?by?a?border?of?gilt? metal?(partially?burnished,?partly?mat)? and?rosettes?at?each?corner.?? ? The?two?lower?doors?are?decorated?by? two?urns?with?flowers.?Similar?to?the? top,?they?are?against?a?background?of? sycamore,?and?bordered?with?a?gilt? frame?with?rosettes?at?the?corners.??The? doors?open?with?sprung?locks?and?are? connected?with?the?same?type?of?flange? seen?on?other?Riesener?pieces.xxii?? ? On?the?sides?is?very?detailed?trelliswork? with?tiny?flowers?in?marquetry.??? design?of?the?ormolu?is?very?similar?to? several?other?pieces.??Constructionally?it?is? also?very?similar,?the?lay?out?of?the?drawers? and?pigeon?holes,?the?inclusion?of?a?secrete? compartment,?a?drawer?at?the?top?of?the? lower?section?that?is?disguised?to?look?like? part?of?the?molding,?the?safe?in?the?lower? section,?etc.?? ? Note?that?the?ormolu?in?this?piece?does?not? have?the?realistic?detail?that?is?associated? with?the?work?of?either?Gouthiere?or? Thomire.???Instead?this?uses?ormolu?that?is? more?similar?to?that?used?on?the?other? Oeben?Riesener?examples.?Note?also?that? much?of?the?ormolu?has?been?removed?for? restoration?and?cleaning,?To?do?this?without? removing?the?veneer,?the?rods?which?held? the?gilt?metal?to?the?furniture?were?cut?and? replaced?with?screws?which?are?visible?from? the?front.?? ? ? MAKING?FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE???Appendix?C.:??Overview?of?Library?Tables?by?Chippendale?? ??????and?Secr?taire???Abattants?by?Riesener?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Page?491? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? Appendix?C:??Overview?of?Secr?taire???Abattants?By?Riesener?and?Chippendale? ? Maker? Description/Location? Overall?Size? (CM)i? Historical?Context/?Constructional? Comments? External?Picture? Internal?Picture???Upper? Section? Internal?Picture???Lower? Section? Riesener? This?secr?taire?is?currently?at?The? Wallace?Collection.??Referred?to?in?this? report?as?Wallace?F300.?? ? This?piece?is?considered?another?of?the? eight?that?were?based?on?the?Oeben? Riesener?design.??? ? On?the?front?of?the?drop?front?is?a? marquetry?picture?of?a?cock?holding? various?implements?in?its?claws?which?is? a?symbol?of?France,?and?was?used?by? Riesener?on?another?secr?taire??? abattant,?the?lower?section?has?a?floral? marquetry?decoration?and?the?two?side? panels?also?are?decorated?with?flowers? imbedded?in?a?trellis?design.??This?is?to? date?one?of?the?most?detailed?variations? of?the?basic?trellis?pattern.??On?this? particular?piece?each?flower?within?each? of?the?different?diamond?sections?are? different?thus?it?is?not?a?repeated? pattern?at?all.??????? ? Behind?the?weighted?drop?front?the? upper?section?contains?a?set?of?six?small? drawers?and?six?pigeonholes?(with?one? in?the?centre,?between?the?two?sets?of? three?small?drawers,?hiding?a?secret? compartment.??Underneath?this?door?in? the?floor?of?the?pigeonhole?are?two? more?even?smaller?drawers.)?? ? The?lower?section,?behind?the?two? doors,?contains?two?pigeonholes,?two? larger?drawers?and?a?locked?safe? disguised?as?two?additional?drawers.??? ? Height:??144.9?? Width:??112.0?? Depth:??45.5??? This?piece?was?noted?in?the?Journal?du? Garde?Meuble?as?being?delivered?on?8?July? 1780?for?Marie?Antoinette?at?Versailles?and? placed?in?her?cabinet?int?rieur.??It?was?later? moved?to?Saint?Cloud?and?given?to?Louis?XVI? for?his?use?(The?queen?s?cabinet?was? replaced?by?a?smaller?secr?taire???abattant.)?? At?this?time?a?marble?top?was?added.??In? 1788,?it?underwent?extensive?restoration? including?re?gilding?the?ormolu?mounts?with? matt?gilding,?restoring?the?veneers?and? restoring?the?writing?implements,?polishing? the?marble,?and?replacing?the?inside?of?the? drop?leaf?with?new?green?leather.??After?the? revolution,?in?1794?5,?this?was?purchased? back?by?Riesener?for?3,500?livre.??It?was?later? (1870)?purchased?by?the?Hertford?House,??? where?it?resides?today.?? ? It?is?obvious?this?was?a?special?edition?of?this? Oeben?Riesener?model.??It?was?a?time?when? Riesener?was?adding?more?of?his?own?ideas? to?this?basic?design.??This?piece?is?heavily? decorated?with?ormolu?(although?many? elements?came?from?other?pieces?such?as? the?faces?on?the?corners,?the?pieces?at?the? base?and?the?borders?around?the?drop?front,? the?doors,?and?the?side?panels).??? ? The?next?unusual?feature?was?the?use?of?the? different?flowers?in?each?of?the? ?compartments??in?the?trellis?pattern?on?the? side?panels.??Furthermore,?it?has?been? demonstrated?that?these?flowers?were? inspired?by?botanical?drawings?making?this? design?even?more?impressive.?This?type?of? design?was?only?performed?on?one?other? secr?taire???abattant,?which?is?now?kept?at? Waddesdon?Manor.?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? MAKING?FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE???Appendix?C.:??Overview?of?Library?Tables?by?Chippendale?? ??????and?Secr?taire???Abattants?by?Riesener?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Page?492? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? Appendix?C:??Overview?of?Secr?taire???Abattants?By?Riesener?and?Chippendale? ? Maker? Description/Location? Overall?Size? (CM)i? Historical?Context/?Constructional? Comments? External?Picture? Internal?Picture???Upper? Section? Internal?Picture???Lower? Section? The?ormolu?starts?at?the?top,?with?an? open?interlaced?gallery?above?the? marble.??In?the?front?section,?with?the? top?drawer,?is?an?acanthus?leaf?pattern? running?across?the?sides?and?the?front.?? On?the?chamfered?corners?are?large? rosettes?and?in?the?centre?of?the?front?is? a?man?s?face?(some?suggest?Herculesxxiv)? surrounded?by?putti?on?either?side.???? Each?section,?(the?side?panels,?the?drop? front?and?each?door)?are?surrounded?by? ormolu?borders.??Each?of?the?beveled? corners?is?topped?with?classic?figures.?? In?this?case?both?are?bearded?males.??On? the?bottom?is?the?standard?male?face? with?acanthus?designs?emanating?from? it?and?on?the?corners?acanthus?leaves? emerging?from?rosettes?on?to?bracket? feet?(Identical?to?the?ones?seen?on?the? 'The?Fontanieu??secr?taire.??? ? Other?features?are?similar?to?different? versions?of?the?Oeben?Riesener?designs.?? Such?as;?compared?to?the?Luton?Hoo? secr?taire?the?caryatids?on?the?canted? corners?are?similar?(though?they?are? patinated?on?the?Luton?Hoo?version),?the? cock?design?(though?on?the?Luton?Hoo? version,?the?cock?design?is?on?the?lower? section)?that?secr?taire?also?has?the? Hercules?face?with?the?infants?on?the?frieze? and?the?mustachioed?mask?on?the?top?of?the? base,?vs.?the?Roesbery?secr?taire??F300?has? the?same?gilt?frame?around?the?drop?front? and?the?two?doors?in?the?lower?section,? compared?to?the?Fontanieu?secr?taire?also? shares?the?frames?around?the?drop?front? and?the?lower?doors?but?in?addition?to?this,? the?Fontanieu?and?The?Wallace?versions? share?the?gallery?on?the?top?around?the? marble.??The?most?blatant?copy?is?the?design? of?the?floral?trellis?design?on?the?side?panels.?? Although?the?flowers?are?not?the?same,?the? idea?behind?the?two?designs?is?the?same.? ? Internally?this?piece?had?more?features?such? as?the?hidden?compartments,?a?safe?in?the? lower?section?(suggesting?a?Royal? commission.)?than?other?versions.?? ? Note?that?again?the?ormolu?in?this?piece? does?not?have?the?realistic?detail?that?is? associated?with?the?work?of?either? Gouthiere?or?Thomire.???? ? ? MAKING?FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE???Appendix?C.:??Overview?of?Library?Tables?by?Chippendale?? ??????and?Secr?taire???Abattants?by?Riesener?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Page?493? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? Appendix?C:??Overview?of?Secr?taire???Abattants?By?Riesener?and?Chippendale? ? Maker? Description/Location? Overall?Size? (CM)i? Historical?Context/?Constructional? Comments? External?Picture? Internal?Picture???Upper? Section? Internal?Picture???Lower? Section? Riesener? This?secr?taire?is?currently?at?The? Wallace?Collection?(referred?to?as? Wallace?F303).??? ? As?with?all?other?secr?taire???abattants? by?Riesener,?the?frame?of?this?piece?is? primarily?oak?and?pine.??It?is,?however,? very?unusual?in?that?it?s?outside?is? veneered?predominately?with?Thuya? wood?(The?outside?veneer?also?includes? bands?of?purpleheart).??It?is?decorated? with?gilded?metal?that?includes?a?central? relief?of?L?offrande???l?Amour?encircled? with?a?very?detailed?floral?decoration? similar?to?that?of?the?piece?owned?by? the?Getty?Museum.???? ? This?piece?does?not?have?a?gallery?on? the?top;?instead?it?simply?has?a?white? veined?marble?top.??Below?this?is?a? gilded?egg?and?dart?boarder.??On?the? face?of?the?top?drawer?is?another? plaque,?which?shows?a?series?of?small? cherubs?including?a?young?Mercury.?? Trest?of?the?drawer?shows?a?interwoven? design?of?acanthus?leaves,?which?is? displayed?on?each?side?as?well?as?on?the? front?on?either?side?of?the?putti?plaque.?? The?canted?corners?start?at?the?top?with? a?small?gilded?rosette,?this?is?followed? by?a?fallen?acanthus?leaf?draped?with?a? detailed?floral?carving.??At?the?bottom?of? the?canted?corner,?there?is?an?inverted,? small?acanthus?leaf?followed?by?a?small? rosette?on?the?feet.?The?front?and?sides? have?borders?around?the?different? segments?of?this?secr?taire???the?drop? leaf?door,?the?two?doors?at?the?lower? section,?and?the?two?panels?on?each? Height:??138.5?? Width:??98.8? Depth:??42.5?? ? This?has?the?Garde?Meuble?number?of?3208? stamped?on?the?top?of?the?carcass.??In?the? Journal?of?the?Garde?Meuble?this?piece?was? delivered?to?the?King?in?the?Chateau?de? Versailles?in?1783.?Since?that?time?it?is? believed?that?this?piece?could?have? remained?in?the?Petit?Trianon?when?it?was? occupied?by?Napoleon?I.??After?this?it?is? possible?that?it?was?purchased?by?a?Russian? nobleman/military?leader?and?was? purchased?from?Count?Koucheleff? Bezborodko?by?Frederick?Davis?in?1865? when?it?became?part?of?Lord?Hertford?s? collection?in?1867.??? ? While?this?shares?many?of?the?attributes?of? the?prior?pieces?(the?canted?corners,?many? pieces?of?the?ormolu?such?as?the?cornucopia? design?on?the?base,?the?draping?acanthus? leaf?toward?the?top?of?the?chamfered? corners,?the?rosettes?on?the?corners?of?the? border?around?the?fall?front?secr?taire??? abattant?surface,?etc.)?it?is?not?considered? one?of?the?eight?Oeben?Riesener?designs.?? ? The?ormolu?on?this?piece?does?exhibit?the? degree?of?detail?and?realism?associated?with? Gouthi?re?or?his?student?Thomire?(Notice,? for?example,?the?wreath?surrounding?the? L'offrande???l'Amour?plaque,?the?floral? arrangements?on?each?of?the?chamfered? corners,?and?the?design?at?the?bottom? centre?of?the?secr?taire.)? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? MAKING?FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE???Appendix?C.:??Overview?of?Library?Tables?by?Chippendale?? ??????and?Secr?taire???Abattants?by?Riesener?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Page?494? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? Appendix?C:??Overview?of?Secr?taire???Abattants?By?Riesener?and?Chippendale? ? Maker? Description/Location? Overall?Size? (CM)i? Historical?Context/?Constructional? Comments? External?Picture? Internal?Picture???Upper? Section? Internal?Picture???Lower? Section? side.???Other?interesting?features?are?the? detailed?floral?arrangements?that? surround?each?of?the?keyholes?in?the? lower?doors.?? ? Similar?to?many?of?the?other?secr?taires? by?Riesener,?behind?the?drop?front,?the? inside?contains?a?set?of?six?pigeonholes? as?well?as?six?small?drawers.??The?lower? section?does?not?contain?any?drawers,? only?four?separate?compartments?for? storage.?? ? Riesener? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? This?secr?taire?is?currently?at?The? Wallace?Collection?(catalogue?number?F? 302).??Referred?to?in?this?thesis?as? Wallace?F302.?? ? As?with?the?other?secr?taire???abattant? the?frame?and?the?drawers?were? primarily?made?of?oak?(some?pine?is?also? used?in?the?frame).??It?s?appearance?is? dominated?by?a?fret?or?trellis?pattern? filled?with?an?inlay?of?water?lilies?covers? most?of?the?outside.??The?interlaced? portion?is?made?of?satin?,?the? background?of?each?segment?is?made?of? holly,?and?the?water?lily?is?made?of? stained?sycamore.??Each?Lozenge?is? surrounded?by?s?series?of?stringing?of? ebony?and?boxwood?forming?black?and? white?stripes?that?surround?each? individual?element.?? ? The?borders?of?each?of?the?trellis?panels? consist?of?same?pattern?of?stringing?as? seen?around?the?individual?lozenges.?? This?black?and?white?striped?design?is? then?surrounded?by?bandings?of? Height:??139.6?? Width:??80.5? Depth:??42.0? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? This?was?originally?delivered?to?Marie? Antoinette?for?use?at?the?Petit?Trianon?on? the?8?March?1783?(approximately?a?month? after?F303?was?delivered?to?Marie? Antoinette).??There?was?one??secr?taire?en? armoire??delivered?on?that?day?(number? 3210).??It?is?believed?that?this?is?one?of? several?pieces?that?were?owned?by?the? Russian?nobleman/military?leader?Count? Koucheleff?Bezborodko?(as?was?F303.)? ? This?Secr?taire?was?sold?to?the?4th?Marquees? of?Hertford?at?the?sale?by?Henri?Didier?in? June?of?1868.??? ? This?piece?has?been?stamped?by?Riesener?as? well?as?by?the?Garde?Meuble?de?la?Reine,?the? C.T?(the?Chateau?de?Trianon)?and?with?the? monogram?of?Marie?Antoinette.?? ? While?the?internal?construction?is?consistent? with?other?Riesener?examples?discussed?in? this?report?(Such?as;?the?concave?sides,?the? flanged?edge?on?the?two?doors?on?the?lower? section,?the?general?design?with?the? chamfered?corners,?the?fall?front?top,?and? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? MAKING?FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE???Appendix?C.:??Overview?of?Library?Tables?by?Chippendale?? ??????and?Secr?taire???Abattants?by?Riesener?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Page?495? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? Appendix?C:??Overview?of?Secr?taire???Abattants?By?Riesener?and?Chippendale? ? Maker? Description/Location? Overall?Size? (CM)i? Historical?Context/?Constructional? Comments? External?Picture? Internal?Picture???Upper? Section? Internal?Picture???Lower? Section? purplewood.? ? On?the?top?is?a?piece?of?white?marble? surrounded?by?a?lattice?patterned? ormolu?gallery.???Below?this?is?a?single? drawer?extending?across?the?front?of? the?secr?taire?and?is?covered?with?an?in? interlace?acanthus?leaf?pattern?that? runs?across?each?side?and?the?outside? section?of?the?front.??In?the?middle?is?a? plaque?of?putti?including?an?infant? version?of?Mercury.??Below?this,?on?the? drop?front?door,?there?is?the?L'offrande? ??l'Amour?plaque?surrounded?by?more? of?the?intricately?designed?floral?design.?? The?border?around?the?outside?of?the? drop?leaf?door?is?a?very?simple?design.?? Similarly?the?border?around?each?of?the? lower?doors?is?very?simple.??On?the? bottom?of?the?piece?is?the?cornucopia? display?that?has?been?seen?on?the? Metropolitan?secr?taire.? ? The?chamfered?corners?begin?at?the?top? with?a?bouquet?of?flowers,?followed?by? a?draped?floral?pattern.?Both?are? executed?in?the?extreme?detail?that?is? associated?with?Gouthiere?or?Thomire.??? This?is?followed?by?a?gilded?metal? borders?which?leads?to?another?intricate? design?of?flowers?draped?over?the?legs.??? ? Inside?the?top?section?are?six?drawers? and?six?different?compartments.?Each? section?are?veneered?with?tulip?wood,? and?purple?wood?(again?separated?by? box?wood?and?ebony?stringing)?The? drawers?are?similarly?decorated?with? tulipwood?and?the?same?ebony?and?box? the?two?doors?locking?a?safe?in?the?lower? section,?and?two?sets?of?3?drawers?and?six? pigeon?holes?in?the?upper?section.)??This? marks?a?departure?from?his?Oeben?inspired? secr?taires.?The?two?main?differences? between?this?examples?design?and?others?is? first?and?foremost?the?use?of?the?trellis? marquetry?with?water?Lilly?design?over?the? entire?piece.??While?this?idea?started?as?a? geometric?design?limited?to?the?side?panels,? this?example?enhances?the?basic?design?and? covers?the?two?sides,?and?the?front?with?it.?? In?addition?to?this,?in?the?lower?section,? there?are?usually?two?drawers?and?the?safe? (in?this?case?there?is?just?one?large?safe)? Furthermore,?in?the?upper?section?there?are? frequently?a?hidden?compartment?with?one? or?two?small?drawers,?this?piece?does?not? have?this.??Both?of?these?last?changes? probably?was?related?to?the?fact?that?this? was?smaller?than?most?of?his?previous? pieces.?? ? While?different?from?other?secr?taire??? abattant?the?application?of?the?waterlily? trellis?marquetry?was?used?on?other?types?of? Riesener?furniture.??The?centre?medallion? plaque?of?the?L'offrande???l'Amour?was?used? on?two?other?examples?of?Riesener? secr?taires.xxv? ? The?ormolu?on?this?piece?does?exhibit?the? degree?of?detail?and?realism?associated?with? Gouthi?re?or?his?student?Thomire?(notice?the? wreath?surrounding?the?L'offrande??? l'Amour?plaque,?the?floral?arrangements?on? each?of?the?chamfered?corners,?and?the? design?at?the?bottom?centre?of?the? secr?taire.? ? MAKING?FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE???Appendix?C.:??Overview?of?Library?Tables?by?Chippendale?? ??????and?Secr?taire???Abattants?by?Riesener?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Page?496? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? Appendix?C:??Overview?of?Secr?taire???Abattants?By?Riesener?and?Chippendale? ? Maker? Description/Location? Overall?Size? (CM)i? Historical?Context/?Constructional? Comments? External?Picture? Internal?Picture???Upper? Section? Internal?Picture???Lower? Section? wood?stringing)?they?are?opened?with? circular?drop??handles?that?are? frequently?seen?on?Riesener?secr?taires.?? Riesener? The?current?location?of?this?piece?is? unknown?at?this?time.?Referred?to?as? the?Maelrondt?Japanned?Secr?taire??? Abattant? ? This?has?a?marble?top,?which?is?followed? by?a?section?with?a?drawer?stretching? across?the?entire?front.??This?drawer?is? decorated?with?gilded?metal?of?a? previously?unseen?pattern?except?for? the?corners?which?are?detailed?floral? arrangement?seen?on?the?trellis? marquetry?secr?taire???abattant?(At?The? Wallace?Collection,?F302).??While?the? rest?of?the?ormolu?on?the?top?drawer?is? unique,?it?is?somewhat?similar?to?the? ormolu?seen?across?the?top?of?the?Frick? Collection?trellised?secr?taire.?Also,?like? F302,?at?the?centre?of?the?top?drawer? there?is?a?relief?plaque?that?has?several? infants?with?one?being?the?infant? version?of?Mercury.? ? The?body?is?a?Japanned?surface?with?a? nature?scene?at?the?top?(on?the? ?abattant?)?and?floral?scenes?on?the? bottom?two?drawers.??At?the?centre?is?a? medallion?of?flowers?with?a?floral? decoration?surrounding?the?wreath.?? Although?the?plaque?is?different?from? other?Riesener?pieces,?the?surround?is? very?similar?to?the?other?Riesener? medallions.?Also?the?top?drawer?is? decorated?with?a?scene?that?includes? the?infants?and?Mercury,?which?has? Height?=?150? (no?other?size? information?is? available?on?this? piece)?? Part?of?an?ensemble?comprising?of?a? commode?and?an?encoignure?which? belonged?to?the?dealer?Maelrondt?and? features?in?his?sale?in?1824?(Sotheby?s? Monaco??sale?in?1977)xxvi?This?piece?was? thought?to?have?been?made?for?Louis?Louis? XVI?in?1783?for?use?in?Versailles.? ? The?general?design?of?is?consistent?with? other?Riesener?pieces?(actually?it?is?most? similar?to?the?Oeben?Riesener?designs).??The? beveled?corners,?the?ormolu?at?the?top?of? the?chamfered?corners?(both?top?corner? piece?and?the?acanthus?leaf?in?the?second? section?While?the?wreath?in?the?centre? surrounding?the?medallion?appear?to?have? the?detailed?carving?that?is?consistent?with? the?work?of?either?Gouthiere?or?Thomire.?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? MAKING?FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE???Appendix?C.:??Overview?of?Library?Tables?by?Chippendale?? ??????and?Secr?taire???Abattants?by?Riesener?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Page?497? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? Appendix?C:??Overview?of?Secr?taire???Abattants?By?Riesener?and?Chippendale? ? Maker? Description/Location? Overall?Size? (CM)i? Historical?Context/?Constructional? Comments? External?Picture? Internal?Picture???Upper? Section? Internal?Picture???Lower? Section? been?seen?on?several?other?secr?taires.?? The?cantered?corners?have?decorative? elements?similar?to?other?pieces?also,? starting?with?the?detailed?floral?pieces? at?the?top,?the?draping?acanthus?leaf? with?detailed?leaves?hanging?over?them,? and?to?rosettes?at?the?bases.?? Riesener? Currently?located?in?the?Metropolitan? Museum?of?New?York.??Referred?to?as? New?York?Met???Black?Lacquered? Secr?taire???abattant.? ? This?secr?taire???abattant?is?covered? with?ebony?and?black?and?gold?Japanese? lacquer?and?gilt?metal?mounts?on?the? outside?and?with?tulipwood,?holly?and? black?stained?holly,?amaranth?on?the? inside.??The?basic?shape?and?size?of?this? piece?is?very?similar?to?previous? secretaries?by?Riesener.???It?is?about?the? same?height,?had?canter?edges? ? The?Ormolu?is?typical?of?many?of? Riesener's?later?pieces?as?they?are?made? up?of?very?naturalistic?flowers?which? show?very?minute?details?to?show?such? elements?as?the?creases?in?the?knotted? ribbons,?veining?in?the?leaves,?and?the? texture?on?the?blossoms?is?very?similar? to?other?pieces?by?Riesener.??In?this? case,?this?very?skilfully?produced?ormolu? incorporates?the?queen's?monogram? "MA".???? ? The?top?does?not?have?a?gallery;?it?is? topped?with?a?veined?white?marble.??? Below?that?is?waterleaf?patterned? ormolu?with?the?very?detailed?floral? ormolu?forming?interlaced?loops? Height:??144.8?? Width:??109.2?? Depth:??40.6?? Made?by?Riesener?for?Queen?Marie? Antoinette's?cabinet?int?rieur?at?Versailles?in? 1783?or?1784?along?with?a?matching? commode.??Both?were?later?sent?to?the? Ch?teau?of?Saint?Cloud.?? ? After?the?death?of?Marie?Antoinette,?a?sale? by?the?Directorate,?in?1799?it?was? transferred?to?several?owners?until?in?1832? it?ended?up?in?Hamilton?Place?Dukes?of? Hamilton,?Hamilton?Place,?Lanarkshire,? Scotland.??In?1882,?upon?the?death?of? William?Douglas?Hamilton,?12th?Duke?of? Hamilton?it?was?sold?by?Christie?s?to?the? Vanderbilt?family?in?New?York,?the?donated? to?the?Metropolitan?Museum?in?the?same? city.?In?1920.? ? The?piece?is?not?considered?to?be?part?of?the? ?eight??Oeben??Riesener?designs?that?have? been?discussed?before.??As?such,?this? secr?taire???abattant?represents?a?number? of??firsts??in?this?series.??Most?obvious?of?all?it? is?the?first?use?of?a?Japanned?surface?instead? of?marquetry.???It?is?also?the?first?to?exclude? the?use?of?the?figures?on?the?canted?corners.?? In?the?place?of?the?heads?on?the?corners,?this? one?uses?a?draped?acanthus?leaf.??This?is?also? the?first?of?these?secr?taire???abattant?s?that? had?the?very?detailed?floral?patterns?in?the? ormolu.??According?to?the?Met,xxvii?the? mounts?have?been?attributed?to?Pierre? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? MAKING?FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE???Appendix?C.:??Overview?of?Library?Tables?by?Chippendale?? ??????and?Secr?taire???Abattants?by?Riesener?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Page?498? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? Appendix?C:??Overview?of?Secr?taire???Abattants?By?Riesener?and?Chippendale? ? Maker? Description/Location? Overall?Size? (CM)i? Historical?Context/?Constructional? Comments? External?Picture? Internal?Picture???Upper? Section? Internal?Picture???Lower? Section? decorating?the?front?and?the?two?sides.?? These?also?contain,?in?the?centre?its? original?owner?s?(Marie?Antoinette?s)? initials.??On?the?chamfer?are?two? rectangular?rosettes.??? ? Following?the?cantered?corners,?are? draped?acanthus?leaves,?with?more?of? the?detailed?floral?arrangements?draped? over?and?trailing?below?the?acanthus? leaf.??On?the?front?are?both?an?inner?and? outer?border.??? ? On?the?drop?leaf?section?on?the?top?the? ?inner??border?is?bell?shaped?framing?a? garden?scene?with?two?birds.??This?bell? shape?has?rosettes?on?each?of?the?four? corners?outside?of?this?is?a?rectangular? designed?border?that?is?partially?hidden? by?the?draping?of?another?detailed?floral? arrangement.?? ? The?lower?section?is?another?double? border,?this?time?both?the??inner??and? ?outer??border?are?rectangular?in?shape? with?the?inner?shape?having?each?of?the? corners?marked?with?a?small?rosette.?A? scenic?mountain?picture?is?provided? within?the?lower?section?s?border.?? Below?this?is?another?display?of?the? detailed?floral?designs?that?have? previously?been?noted.??This?time?the? arrangement?forms?a?central?wreath? with?a?branch?on?each?side?starting? from?a?cornucopia?design.??? ? On?the?corners?are?two?square?rosettes? and?the?feet?are?completely?covered? with?acanthus?leaf?design.? Gouthi?re?(1732?1813)?doreur?du?roi?(gilder? to?the?king)?however?as?discussed?in?this? paper,?this?is?based?on?the?quality?of?the? work?and?not?on?any?hard?evidence?such?as? a?bill?or?any?primary?written?documentation.?? The?two?leading?candidates?for?executing? this?ormolu?to?this?degree?of?detail?and? realism?is?Gouthi?re?or?his?student?Thomire.???? This?particular?secr?taire?also?has?a?design? element?on?the?top,?drop?leaf,?portion?that? is?frequently?found?on?Riesener?s? commodes.??This??bell?shaped??design,?which? is?applied?as?a?central?border.??Although?this? did?appear?on?at?least?one?other?secr?taire??? that?is?the?one?that?is?currently?owned?by? the?Met?in?New?York.???? ? Although?this?piece?seems?to?share?many?of? the?basic?design?elements?of?the?Oeben? Riesener?version?of?the?secr?taire??? abattant?this?is?not?counted?among?this?set? of?eight?that?has?been?identified.??With?the? exception?of?the?Japanned?surface? treatment;?this?is?very?similar?to?the?other? ?eight??secr?taire???abattants.?It?is?the?same? size,?it?has?the?same?general?shape,?it?has? the?same?interior?as?many?of?the?others?in? that?style?and?it?is?made?to?the?same?high? standard.? ? MAKING?FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE???Appendix?C.:??Overview?of?Library?Tables?by?Chippendale?? ??????and?Secr?taire???Abattants?by?Riesener?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Page?499? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? Appendix?C:??Overview?of?Secr?taire???Abattants?By?Riesener?and?Chippendale? ? Maker? Description/Location? Overall?Size? (CM)i? Historical?Context/?Constructional? Comments? External?Picture? Internal?Picture???Upper? Section? Internal?Picture???Lower? Section? Riesener? This?secr?taire???abattant?currently? rests?in?the?Frick?Collection?in?NY,?NY.? Which?gives?this?piece?its?label?of?The? Frick?Collection?secr?taire.?? ? This?particular?secr?taire?with?pictorial? medallion?and?Trellis?marquetry?was? made?later?in?Riesener?career?in?1790? the?year?after?the?arrest?of?Marie? Antoinette?and?Louis?XVI.??This?one? combines?many?of?the?different? characteristics?of?other?Riesener?pieces.?? The??bell?shaped?design?centring?the? design?on?the?fall?front?which?is? frequently?seen?on?Riesener? commodes,?the?trellis?marquetry?which? is?seen?on?several?other?secr?taire?and? on?several?commodes,.?The?marquetry? consists?of?the?following?woods:?burl? ash,?bloodwood?(Satin??ruban?)? tulipwood,?gilt?metal,?leather?and? marble?on?an?oak?frame.??The?top?is?a? white?marble?veined?with?grey.? ? The?construction?of?this?piece?share? many?characteristics?of?other?secr?taire? ??abattant:??In?the?top,?behind?the? weighted?drop?front?are?two?sets?of? three?(for?a?total?of?six)?drawers?and? five?pigeonholes.??The?floor?of?the?lower? centre?pigeonhole?hides?a?secret? compartment?with?two?more?small? drawers.??In?the?lower?section,?the? flanged?doors?hide?two?pigeonholes,? two?drawers?and?a?coffre?fort?disguised? as?two?more?drawers.??? It?is?unclear?as?to?who?moulded?and?cast? Height:??143.2? Width:?115.5? Depth:??43.8?? This?was?thought?to?have?been?made?in?the? mid?1780?s?probably?1783?1785.??This?is? suggested?by?a?number?of?design? characteristics,?but,?according?to?the? Frickxxviii,?the?original?destination?was? probably?the?Tulileries,?however?this?is?not? supported?by?any?specific?reference?in?the? Journal?du?Garde?Meuble?(This?piece?has?the? brand?of?the?Queen?s?Garde?Meuble?but?no? specific?entry?in?has?been?associated?with? this?piece.)?After?the?demise?of?the?Royal? family,?this?piece?of?furniture?was?stored?in? the?H?tel?de?l?Infantado.?? It??is?generally?not?counted?as?one?of?the? ?eight??Oeben?Riesener?designs,?but?it?is? very?similar?in?its?basic?structure.??It?is?about? the?same?size?as?those?counted?as?one?those? 8;?it?has?cantered?corners,?curved?sides,?the? same?internal?structures?including?the?secret? compartment?and?the?layout?of?both?the? upper?and?lower?sections.?? It?was?made?at?approximately?the?same?time? as?a?matching?Trellised?marquetry? commodexxix.???? Also,?according?to?the?Frick?Collectionxxx? Riesener?remodeled?this?piece?in?1790?to? make?it?simpler?and?trimmer.??As?a?result,? the?size?of?the?carcass?and?the?internal? components?were?adjusted?in?size?(there?is? no?mention?of?why?this?conclusion?was? offered.)??In?addition,?bracket?feet?were? introduced?and?the?metal?decorations?were? changed?(They?originally?looked?like?that?on? the?Met?secr?taire?shown?earlier?in?this? section?(see?page?xxxx).??Note:??the?locks?on? the?lower?doors?are?different?in?that?the? ? ? ? ? ? MAKING?FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE???Appendix?C.:??Overview?of?Library?Tables?by?Chippendale?? ??????and?Secr?taire???Abattants?by?Riesener?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Page?500? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? Appendix?C:??Overview?of?Secr?taire???Abattants?By?Riesener?and?Chippendale? ? Maker? Description/Location? Overall?Size? (CM)i? Historical?Context/?Constructional? Comments? External?Picture? Internal?Picture???Upper? Section? Internal?Picture???Lower? Section? the?metal?mounts?on?either?this? secr?taire?but?the?Frick?suggest?that?this? could?have?been?done?by?the?ciseleur? doreur?Fran?ois?R?mond?based?on?the? fact?that?account?books?of?his?indicate? that?he?was?paid?for?by?Riesener?for? work?during?this?period.?? single?key?extended?bolts?in?the?top?and?the? bottom?of?the?door.??? While?the?corner?pieces?appear?to?have?the? detailed?carving?that?is?consistent?with?the? work?of?either?Gouthiere?or?Thomire,?but? most?of?the?rest?are?more?like?the?Oeben? Riesener?pieces.?? Riesener? This?piece?is?currently?located?in?the?J.? Paul?Getty?Museum?in?Los?Angeles.? ? Though?this?piece?is?not?a?secr?taire??? abattant??in?the?traditional?meaning?of? the?term?although?this?technically?fits? the?definition.??However,?it?is?similar?to? other?Riesener?secr?taire???abattant?in? that?it?uses?the?L'offrande???l'Amour? plaque,?it?is?oak?with?panels?of? Japanned?lacquer,?it?uses?naturalistic? ormolu?surrounding?the?plaque?similar? to?other?Riesener?pieces.?It?should?be? pointed?out?that?the?other?elements?of? the?Ormolu?are?not?as?dense?nor?as? naturalistic?nor?as?detailed.?? ? ? Height:??154.9?? Width:??113.0?? Depth:??47.6?? ? This?piece?is?believed?to?have?been?made?by? Riesener?in?1785.??However,?there?have?not? been?any?references?in?either?the?Garde? Meuble?inventories?or?in?other? documentation?to?demonstrate?that?this? piece?was?made?for?the?Royal?court.?? However,?this?piece?has?many?consistent? elements?in?its?design?to?other?Riesener? pieces?from?this?period.? ? Based?on?a?visual?inspection,?this?piece?is? similar?to?the?other?pieces?by?Riesener,?the? outside?shape?is?similar?to?other?full?length? secr?taire???abattants,?the?similarity?of?the? ormolu?surrounding?the?oval?plaque,?as?well? as?the?oval?plaque?it?self.??While?the?inside?is? different?from?other?Riesener?pieces,?it? shares?many?of?the?basic?design? characteristics?(the?large?open?pigeon?holes? above?the?drawers,?the?two?sets?of?smaller? drawers?surrounding?a?large?opening?in?the? centre,?the?circular?drop?handles).? ? Some?of?the?ormolu?on?this?piece?does? exhibit?the?degree?of?detail?and?realism? associated?with?Gouthi?re?or?his?student? Thomire?(notice?the?wreath?surrounding?the? L'offrande???l'Amour?plaque?in?the?centre?of? the?fall?front.??However,?some?of?it?appears? that?someone?else?could?have?produced?it.?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? MAKING?FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE???Appendix?C.:??Overview?of?Library?Tables?by?Chippendale?? ??????and?Secr?taire???Abattants?by?Riesener?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Page?501? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? Appendix?C:??Overview?of?Secr?taire???Abattants?By?Riesener?and?Chippendale? ? Maker? Description/Location? Overall?Size? (CM)i? Historical?Context/?Constructional? Comments? External?Picture? Internal?Picture???Upper? Section? Internal?Picture???Lower? Section? Riesener? This?piece?is?currently?in?Versailles.? Known?as?the?Versailles?secr?taire??? abattant?? ? ? This?was?described?as?being?made?of? Oak,?mahogany?veneer,?leather,?gilt? metal,?marble?tablets?veined?white?and? given?the?inventory?number?of?V5118.??? ? The?top?is?of?a?white?veined?marble?and? is?followed?by?a?top?section?that? contains?a?single?drawer.?The?corners? are?cantered?and?are?topped?with?a? simple?ormolu?rosette.??? ? The?next,?the?upper?section?or?the? section?with?the?abattant?is?decorated? with?a?simple?overlaying?leaf?design? surrounding?the?edge?of?the?door.??The? two?doors?in?the?lower?section?are? bordered?by?the?same?overlaid?leaf? design.?There?are?escutcheons?for?each? of?the?keyholes?and?a?small?piece?of? ormolu?at?the?bottom?centre?of?this? secr?taire.?? ? ? ? ? Height:??140.0? Width:?102.0? Depth:??44.0? ? In?1784?this?piece?was?delivered?to?Marie? Antoinette,?This?was?a?somewhat?rushed?job? as?Riesener?was?given?little?notice?to?furnish? these?apartments?in?the?Grec?style.??This?was? part?of?a?set,?which?included?at?least?a? commode.??According?to?the?records?this? was?ordered?on?17?March?1784?to?be? delivered?to?the?Queens?new?apartments?in? Versailles?and?it?was?delivered?less?than?two? months?later?and?checked?in?as?number? 3338.??It?was?described?as:? ? ?A?cabinet?secr?taire?in?mahogany? measuring?3?pied?wide?by?15?pounces?deep? and?4?pied?4?pounce?tall.?It?had?lockable? drawers,?silver?trimmed?Moroccan?leather,? and?it?includes?a?safe?in?the?lower?section? with?a?separate?key.??The?top?was?white? veined?marble,xxxi?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? MAKING?FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE???Appendix?C.:??Overview?of?Library?Tables?by?Chippendale?? ??????and?Secr?taire???Abattants?by?Riesener?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Page?502? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? Appendix?C:??Overview?of?Secr?taire???Abattants?By?Riesener?and?Chippendale? ? Maker? Description/Location? Overall?Size? (CM)i? Historical?Context/?Constructional? Comments? External?Picture? Internal?Picture???Upper? Section? Internal?Picture???Lower? Section? Riesener? The?location?of?this?secr?taire??? abattant?is?not?known.?The?last?known? location?was?in?the?Galerie?Segoura?in? Paris.)?it?will?be?referred?to?as?the? Galerie?Seqoura?Secr?taire.? ?In?addition?to?the?simpler?pattern?for? the?external?wooden?surface? decoration,?there?is?very?little?gilded? metal?on?this?piece.??The?ormolu? consists?of?a?repeated?palm?pattern? across?the?front?and?sides?of?the? top/drawer?level.??On?the?corners?are? rosette?designs,?followed?by?a?detailed? floral?design?and?a?rosette?on?the? bracket?legs.??On?the?face?of?this? secr?taire?are?decorations?around?each? of?the?keyholes,?and?a?very?simple? borders?running?across?the?front?at?the? top?(above?the?top?drawer?and?between? the?top?drawer?and?drop?front),?middle? (between?the?drop?front?and?the?lower? cabinet?doors)?and?bottom?(below?the? doors?and?above?the?feet.)??Similar,? understated?borders?surround?the? panels?on?each?side.?? There?is?no?information?on?the?internal? construction?or?the?features,?which? were?included?with?this?secr?taire??? abattant.?? (no?size? information?is? available?on?this? piece)? It?is?not?know?when?this?piece?was?made,?or? for?whom?it?was?made.??However,?there?are? other?similar?pieces?of?furniture?have?been? identified?as?being?delivered?to?the?French? Royal?Family?in?1785?(in?the?Petit?Trianon)? and?1784?(in?the?Tuileries).??Both?of?these? other?pieces?were?listed?in?the?respective? journals?of?the?Garde?Meuble?(but?not?this? piece).??One?Example?is?a?Table?de?Toilette? that?was?believed?to?have?come?from?the? home?of?Philippe,?Duc?d?Orl?ans?known?as? Philippe?Egalit??cousin?to?Louis?XVI?and? father?of?King?Louis?Philippe.xxxii?It?was? identified?as?being?a?Riesener?piece?because? it?was?stamped?by?Riesener?and?it?is?similar? to?several?other?known?pieces?such?as?a? dressing?table?and?a?commode,?all?three?of? which?have?the?very?distinctive?diamond? shaped?lozenges?of?purplewood?which?have? been?delineated?by?black?and?white? stringing.xxxiii?Additionally,?Riesener?used?this? diamond?pattern?on?the?last?set?of?furniture? that?he?made?for?Marie?Antoinette?(this?was? a?set?of?furniture?made?for?Marie? Antoinette's?home?in?Fontainebleau?which? uses?mother?of?pearl?instead?of?purpleheart? for?the?diamond?shapesxxxiv.?? ? There?are?several?possible?reasons?for?the? simplicity?of?this?design.???It?could?be?that? this?was?made?for?staff?instead?of?the?Royal? family?however;?because?it?is?similar?to? other?royal?pieces?it?could?be?that?this?piece? was?made?for?the?Royal?household?and?thus? was?part?of?Riesener?s?later?efforts?to? simplify?his?designs.?? ? The?basic?structure?appears?to?be?similar?to? ? ? ? ? ? MAKING?FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE???Appendix?C.:??Overview?of?Library?Tables?by?Chippendale?? ??????and?Secr?taire???Abattants?by?Riesener?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Page?503? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? Appendix?C:??Overview?of?Secr?taire???Abattants?By?Riesener?and?Chippendale? ? Maker? Description/Location? Overall?Size? (CM)i? Historical?Context/?Constructional? Comments? External?Picture? Internal?Picture???Upper? Section? Internal?Picture???Lower? Section? the?Oeben?Riesener?designs.??It?has?the? canted?corners,?the?top?drawer,?a?drop?leaf? front,?followed?by?two?doors?and?the?curved? sides.??However,?this?is?a?very?simple?design,? compared?to?many?of?Riesener's?other? secr?taire.???It?also?appears?that?the?floral? ormolu?on?the?upper?corners?is?detailed? designs?that?are?consistent?with?both? Gouthiere?and?Thomire.?Furthermore,?the? ormolu?going?across?the?top?drawer?is?the? same?design?as?seen?on?The?Frick?Collection? trellis?marquetry?secr?taire???abattant.??? ? Riesener? Currently?owned?at?Les?Arts?D?cratifs?in? Paris?(Inventory?number?GR?824).??It?will? be?referred?to?as?Les?Arts?D?cratifs?? Paris?Secr?taire.?The?top?of?this?piece?is? covered?with?a?white?veined?marble?and? a?simple,?open?lace,?gilded?metal? border.??Under?this?is?the?drawer?that?is? usually?found?on?secr?taire???abattant,? this?time?the?ormolu?is?very?simple?with? a?marquetry?panel?of?a?man?s?face? (Hercules?xxxv).?On?several?pieces?()?this? design?is?executed?in?gilded?metal.?? ? ?Below?is?the?fall?front,?which?is? decorated?with?a?marquetry?panel?with? a?sycamore?background.??The?design?of? the?marquetry?is?an?arts?trophy?with? books?a?lyre?and?flowers.?The?sycamore? background?is?cut?into?small?diamond? shapes.??This?same?pattern?is?carried? over?to?the?doors?on?the?lower?section.?? The?top?section?locks?with?a?standard? French?lock?and?requires?a?double?turn.??? ? Woods?used?in?the?marquetry?include:?? Height:??128.0? Width:?74.0? Depth:??43.0? Little?is?known?about?the?history?of?this? piece.??While?stamped?with?Riesener?s?name? there?are?no?other?stamps?indicating?that?it? was?taken?into?one?of?the?royal?households.? ? Constructionally?it?is?very?different?from? other?Riesener?secr?taire???abattant?in? several?different?areas.??First?the?use?of?the? sliding?slatted?doors?on?the?lower?section.?? However?it?should?be?pointed?out?that? Riesener?had?used?this?technique?of?making? a?flexible?cover?on?his?roll?top?desks?and?on? the?Luton?Hoo?Secr?taire.??The?internal? layout?of?the?lower?section?is?very?simple,? consisting?of?two?shelves?and?a?single?locked? section?with?a?drop?front?door.??This?is?very? unusual?for?Riesener.??The?upper?section,? behind?the?abattant?is?also?very?simple? compared?to?many?other?pieces.??In?this? piece?there?are?two?small?drawers?and?six? pigeonholes?where?as?in?most?pieces,? Riesener?included?6?drawers?and?frequently? had?a?locked?cabinet.?? ? At?the?top?the?marquetry?panel?of?the?man?s? face?is?unusual?for?Riesener?in?that?the? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? MAKING?FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE???Appendix?C.:??Overview?of?Library?Tables?by?Chippendale?? ??????and?Secr?taire???Abattants?by?Riesener?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Page?504? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? Appendix?C:??Overview?of?Secr?taire???Abattants?By?Riesener?and?Chippendale? ? Maker? Description/Location? Overall?Size? (CM)i? Historical?Context/?Constructional? Comments? External?Picture? Internal?Picture???Upper? Section? Internal?Picture???Lower? Section? Rosewood,?fillet?of?lemon,?cedar,?box,? amaranth?burr?walnut,?grey?stained? satin?wood,?sycamore,?ebony.?xxxvi? ? ? The?lower?section?used?the?diamond? shaped?sycamore?pattern?on?top?of?two? slotted?doors?that?slide?into?each?side?of? the?cabinet.??There?is?a?single?lock?on? the?door.?It?requires?two?turns?in?order? to?completely?lock?the?lower?section.?? Inside?this?part?of?this?secr?taire?has? one?shelf?and?a?type?of?safe?with?a?fold? out?door.??? ? entire?design?is?cut?out?of?a?single?piece?of? wood?veneer?(believed?to?be?mahogany).?? ? While?different?from?other?Riesener?on? these?attributes,?there?are?some?similarities.? The?woods?used?for?the?frame?and?the? drawers?are?oak?and?pine?as?in?other?pieces,? the?selection?of?the?wood?for?this?piece?is?of? the?highest?quality?(very?straight,?tightly? grained?wood?for?all?constructional? elements)?as?a?result?the?wood?has?shrunk? very?little?and?there?is?no?sign?of?warping.?In? addition?this?secr?taire?makes?use?large,? very?wide?dovetails?on?all?of?the?drawers??? again?similar?to?other?Riesener?Pieces.??And? finally?the?back?is?the?same?rail/panel? structure?that?slides?in?from?the?bottom.?? It?is?not?known?who?purchased?this? piece?of?furniture?from?the?Sotheby?s? auction.?Will?be?referred?to?simply?as? the?Sotheby?s?secr?taire???abattant??? ? This?secr?taire???abattant?follows?the? basic?design?of?a?Riesener?designed? piece?of?furniture.??It?has?the?beveled? corners,?it?has?the?curved?sides,?it?has? the?general?external?configuration?of?a? Riesener?secr?taire?(a?drop?front?section? with?two?doors?opening?at?the?bottom)??? This?pieces?uses?what?was?fashionable? in?latter?part?of?the?18th?Century?France? that?is?a?very??Anglicize??style?of? decoration?with?solid?mahogany?veneer? instead?of?detailed?marquetry?and?very? simple?ormolu.??? ? The?top?is?a?reddish?coloured?variegated? marble?and?the?first?drawer?has?a? Height:??141.0? Width:?87.0? Depth:??41.0? ? Sold?by?Sotheby?s?24?Mar?2005,?it?was? identified?by?the?J.?H.?Riesener?stamp.xxxvii? Given?the?simplicity?of?the?design?and?the? mahogany?veneer,?this?is?probably?a?later? design?and/or?it?was?designed?for?the?staff? and?not?for?a?member?of?the?Royal?family.?? ? Besides?the?general?shape,?this?piece?is?not? like?any?other?known?secr?taire???abattant? designed?by?Riesener.??Nor?is?any?of?the? ormolu?similar?to?anything?else?that? Riesener?had?produced?prior?to?this?piece.?? (the?only?possible?exception?are?the?basic? rosettes?on?the?bottom?of?the?feet.)?? ? It?is?known?that?Riesener?subcontracted? some?of?his?work.??Perhaps?this?is?an? example?of?such?a?project.??This?could? explain?the?differences?in?the?ormolu?and? general?style?of?decoration?for?this?piece.?? ? ? ? ? ? ? MAKING?FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE???Appendix?C.:??Overview?of?Library?Tables?by?Chippendale?? ??????and?Secr?taire???Abattants?by?Riesener?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Page?505? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? Appendix?C:??Overview?of?Secr?taire???Abattants?By?Riesener?and?Chippendale? ? Maker? Description/Location? Overall?Size? (CM)i? Historical?Context/?Constructional? Comments? External?Picture? Internal?Picture???Upper? Section? Internal?Picture???Lower? Section? detailed?ormolu?pattern?across?the? front?and?both?sides.??On?each?of?the? doors?(the?drop?front?and?each?of?the? lower?doors)?there?is?a?very?simple? boarder.????At?the?top?of?the?canter? there?is?a?simple?ormolu?design?and?a? type?of?rosette?design?at?the?bottom?of? each?corner.??? ? On?the?center?is?another,?unrecognized? ormolu?design.??? A?more?detailed?investigation?would?be? needed?to?verify?if?this?was?or?was?not?made? under?the?authority?of?Riesener.?xxxviii? ? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? Riesener? This?piece?is?currently?owned?by?the? Huntington?Collection?in?San?Marino,? CA,?USA,?hence?its?name?The? Huntington?Secr?taire? ? This?piece?starts?at?the?top?with?a? simple?fence?post?gallery?that? completely?surrounds?the?white?marble.?? Below?this?is?a?drawer?with?a?rolling? acanthus?leaf?design,?which?is?marked? off?with?a?simple?ormolu?border.??This? particular?piece?does?not?have?the? canted?corners?seen?on?other?Riesener? secr?taire.??Around?the?drop?leaf?in?the? upper?section,?the?lower?section?with? two?doors,?and?each?of?the?four?side? panels?(2?upper/2?lower)?have?a?double? ormolu?border?enclosing?wood?veneer? (mahogany?xxxix)?panels.??At?the?four? corners,?in?the?upper?section,?columns? are?inserted?with?gilded?metal?top?and? bottom?headers?and?a?spiral?floral? design?running?from?the?top?and?the? bottom.??On?the?corners?in?the?lower? section?is?a?stylized?design.?There?are? also?ormolu?borders?marking?the?tops? and?bottoms?of?each?section.?? Height:??147.0? Width:?91.0? Depth:??44.5? ? It?is?thought?that?this?piece?was,?at?one?time? owned?by?Paul?1st,?Czar?of?Russia?(1754?? 1801).??There?is?no?reason?given?as?to?why? this?piece?was?identified?as?being?by? Riesener?s?workshop?(perhaps?a?stamp?)?xl? ? There?is?very?little?to?visually?connect?this? secr?taire???abattant?to?Riesener.??The? ormolu?is?different,?the?general?shape?of?this? piece?is?different,?the?use?of?a?gallery?that? completely?surrounds?the?top?is?unique?to? Riesener,?the?use?of?the?double?border? around?each?panel?is?different,?the?design?of? the?feet?are?different?from?Riesener?s?other? pieces,?the?use?of?boards?panels?on?the? lower?section?is?unlike?Riesener?s?approach? to?use?one?board?with?a?frame?running? around?the?centre?board.??? ? One?very?similar?to?this?(One?with?columns? on?the?corner,?double?boarder?around?the? abattant?and?the?bottom?sections,?the?solid? mahogany?front?with?the?grain?in?the?top? running?perpendicular?to?the?one?in?the? bottom,?the?top?shaped?turned?feet,?(page? 121?in?Versailles?furniture?book?)?is? attributed?to?Jean?Jacques?Pafrat?(????? ? ? ? ? ? MAKING?FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE???Appendix?C.:??Overview?of?Library?Tables?by?Chippendale?? ??????and?Secr?taire???Abattants?by?Riesener?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Page?506? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? Appendix?C:??Overview?of?Secr?taire???Abattants?By?Riesener?and?Chippendale? ? Maker? Description/Location? Overall?Size? (CM)i? Historical?Context/?Constructional? Comments? External?Picture? Internal?Picture???Upper? Section? Internal?Picture???Lower? Section? ? The?feet?are?relatively?small?turned?feet? with?gilded?metal?on?the?middle?and?the? bottom?of?each?foot.?? ? One?interesting?note?is?that?on?the? shrinkage?on?the?lower?doors?is?showing? that?each?of?the?doors?to?be?made?of? three?separate?boards.??? 1794).??? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? It?is?not?known?who?currently?owns?this? piece.?Since?no?owner?is?known?about? this?piece?it?will?be?referred?to?as?the? Unknown?Secr?taire???abattant?? ? The?general?shape?of?this?secr?taire??? abattant?is?similar?to?other?Riesener? pieces.??It?has?cantered?corners,?a? marble?top;?The?top?section?is?a?single? drawer.??Below?that?is?a?section?with?a? drop?leaf?door?that?lowers?to?form?a? writing?surface.??The?lower?section?has? two?doors?that?open?outward.?? ? The?entire?piece?is?decorated?with?a? flame?mahogany?veneer.? ? In?the?top?drawer?section?there?is?an? interlaced?acanthus?leaf?design,?with? rosettes?in?the?corner.?The?drop?leaf? door,?the?side?panels?and?the?lower? section?are?all?bordered?with?very? simple?interlaced?design?of?ormolu.??On? each?foot?there?is?another?type?of? rosette.?? ? One?interesting?note?is?that?the?hinges? for?the?door?are?visible?at?the?top?and? the?bottom?of?each?door.? Height:??130.0? Width:?80.0? Depth:??40.0? ? There?is?no?known?history?behind?this? particular?piece?of?furniture?or?any? description?of?why?this?piece?was?identified? as?being?by?Riesener?s?workshop?xli? ? While?the?general?shape?and?outward? appearance?is?very?similar?to?the?other? Oeben?Riesener?designs?with?the?canted? corners?and?the?general?layout?(drop?leaf? top,?two?door?bottom).??The?ormolu?while? similar?to?that?on?other?Riesener?pieces?is? much?simpler?and?there?is?less?of?it?(vs.?most? other?cases).??? ? One?note?is?that?the?visible?hinges?on?the? door?revel?that?the?hinges?are?different?from? the?standard?hinges?that?Riesener?usually? used.???In?all?other?cases?explored?in?this? research?Riesener?used?a?standard?side? mounted?hinge?for?the?doors.??For?some? reason,?this?particular?secr?taire?uses?top? mounted?hinges?to?operate?the?doors.?? ? ? ? ? ? MAKING?FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE???Appendix?C.:??Overview?of?Library?Tables?by?Chippendale?? ??????and?Secr?taire???Abattants?by?Riesener?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Page?507? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? Appendix?C:??Overview?of?Secr?taire???Abattants?By?Riesener?and?Chippendale? ? Maker? Description/Location? Overall?Size? (CM)i? Historical?Context/?Constructional? Comments? External?Picture? Internal?Picture???Upper? Section? Internal?Picture???Lower? Section? Riesener? It?is?not?known?who?currently?owns?this? particular?piece.?Known?as?the?Perrin? secr?taire.?? ? This?follows?the?similar?patterns?of? general?construction?of?this?type?of? furniture?by?Riesener;?it?has?canted? corners,?a?single?drawer?across?the?top? (under?the?marble?top),?a?drop?leaf?in? the?upper?section,?with?two?doors?in?the? lower?section.??It?is?decorated?with?little? gilded?metal?(small?rosette?on?the?top? and?the?bottom?of?the?corners,?key? escutcheons,?and?handles?on?the?top? drawer.)??Following?the?simplicity?in? design,?the?outside?is?covered?with? flame?mahogany?veneer.? Height:??143.0? Width:?99.5? Depth:??44.5? ? There?is?little?known?about?this?piece.??It?is? identified?as?being?from?the?Perrin?Galleryxlii.?? Nor?was?there?any?description?of?why?this? was?identified?as?being?by?Riesener?s? workshop.xliii? ? This?piece?is?one?of?the?simplest?in?its?design? of?any?of?Riesener?s?secr?taire???abattants? suggesting?that?it?is?a?later?piece?when? Riesener?was?simplifying?his?designs?and/or? that?it?was?made?for?the?staff?of?the?Royal? family?and?not?for?a?family?member? themselves.??Given?the?extreme?simplicity?of? this?model,?it?is?most?likely?that?this?was?a? non?Royal?piece.?? ? ? ? Riesener? The?current?owner?is?not?known.??The? top?begins?with?a?piece?of?marble,? which?is?followed?by?a?level?with?a? single?drawer?opening?in?the?front.??? Like?the?prior?piece,?this?secr?taire?is? covered?with?a?flame?mahogany?veneer.?? It?is?also?decorated?with?pieces?of? detailed?gilded?metal?that?is?consistent? with?either?Gouthiere?or?Thomire? however,?although?similar,?none?of?the? designs?look?exactly?like?other?pieces?of? ormolu?found?on?other?furniture.??For? example,?while?several?secr?taire?by? Riesener?have?the?falling?acanthus?leaf? design?on?the?corners?none?are?exactly? like?the?ones?on?this?piece.??Below?the? marble?top,?is?a?single?drawer?with?a? detailed?gilt?metal?ornament?containing? winged?griffins?and?a?floral? arrangement.??The?handles?are?two? circular?drop?handles.??The?next?section? is?the?drop?front?which?is?decorated? Height:??136.0? Width:?88.0? Depth:??45.0? ? There?is?no?known?history?behind?this? particular?piece?of?furniture?or?any? description?of?why?this?piece?was?identified? as?being?by?Riesener?s?workshop.xliv? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? MAKING?FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE???Appendix?C.:??Overview?of?Library?Tables?by?Chippendale?? ??????and?Secr?taire???Abattants?by?Riesener?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Page?508? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? Appendix?C:??Overview?of?Secr?taire???Abattants?By?Riesener?and?Chippendale? ? Maker? Description/Location? Overall?Size? (CM)i? Historical?Context/?Constructional? Comments? External?Picture? Internal?Picture???Upper? Section? Internal?Picture???Lower? Section? with?a?gilt?border?and?decoration? around?the?key?hole.??Below?that?is?the? last?drawer,?which?is?again?decorated? with?floral?arrangements?and?the?rather? simple?stand.?? ? The?chamfered?corners?are?decorated? with?draping?acanthus?leaves?and?floral? displays.?????? Riesener? The?current?owner?is?not?known.??? ? This?secr?taire?on?stand?is?veneered?in?a? flame?mahogany.?The?top?is?covered? with?a?white?marble?top.??Below?this?is?a? section?with?a?drawer?and?three?friezes? with?putti?on?it.??One?frieze?is?on?the? drawer?face?and?the?other?two?are?on? the?side?of?the?furniture.??Below?this?is? the?abattant?with?a?floral?design?in?the? centre?as?well?as?a?small?arrangement? around?the?keyhole.??On?the?sides?are? vases?with?flowers,?also?done?in?ormolu.?? The?next?section?contains?another? drawer?and?a?small?decorative?design? and?two?small?round?handles.??This?all? sits?on?turned,?pointed?legs?with? decorative?elements?of?gilded?metal?on? them?(again?they?contain?detailed?floral? elements).??This?piece?has?cantered? corners.??? Height:??116.0? Width:?63.0? Depth:??37.0? ? Nothing?has?been?determined?about?the? historical?context?of?this?secr?taire.??The?use? of?the?flame?mahogany?was?becoming? popular?during?the?latter?part?of?Riesener?s? career?of?which?this?is?an?example.??It?is? unusual?to?see?the?long?turned?legs?on?a? Riesener?piece.??However,?the?ormolu?is?very? typical?of?other?pieces?by?Riesener.??This? example?is?decorated?with?a?number?of? pieces?of?gilded?metal?that?are?carved?to?the? detail?that?could?be?attributed?to?either? Gouthiere?or?Thomire.xlv??These?examples?of? detailed?ormolu?can?be?found?on?the?front? of?the?abattant,?on?the?corners,?and?in?the? vases?on?the?sides.?? ? ? ? ? ? ? MAKING?FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE???Appendix?C.:??Overview?of?Library?Tables?by?Chippendale?? ??????and?Secr?taire???Abattants?by?Riesener?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Page?509? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? Appendix?C:??Overview?of?Secr?taire???Abattants?By?Riesener?and?Chippendale? ? Maker? Description/Location? Overall?Size? (CM)i? Historical?Context/?Constructional? Comments? External?Picture? Internal?Picture???Upper? Section? Internal?Picture???Lower? Section? ? Currently?at?the?Arts?d?coratifs?in?Lyon.? Referred?to?in?this?thesis?as?the?Arts? d?coratifs?in?Lyon?secr?taire.? ? This?piece?has?a?solid?mahogany?veneer? front,?with?very?simple?(for?Riesener)? ormolu.?It?has?simple?borders?around? the?fall?front,?the?top?drawer?and?each? of?the?doors?in?the?bottom?section?and? on?the?side?panels.??The?centre?is? marked?by?a?simple?Grec?design?of? interlocking?circles.??The?top?is?covered? with?a?reddish?coloured?marble.?The? corners?are?canted,?but?the?only? decoration?on?the?corners?are?a?simple? acanthus?leaf?on?the?top,?three?cut?ins? or?fluting??running?along?the?top?half? and?a?simple?design?in?gilded?metal?on? the?bottom?of?the?camphor.??? ? Beneath?the?marble?is?a?single?large? drawer.??Then,?inside?of?the?top?section,? behind?the?abattant,?it?six?small?draws? and?four?storage?compartments.??The? entire?interior?is?covered?with?the?same? reddish?mahogany?as?the?outside.??? ? Below?the?abattant?section?is?a?section? with?two?doors?that?open?in?the?centre.?? ? Height:??145.0? Width:?94.0? Depth:??38.0? Nothing?is?known?of?the?history?of?this?piece? except?that?it?was?given?to?the?Arts? d?coratifs?in?Lyon?(Inventory?number?1129)? by?Madame?Dubernard?in?1930.xlvi??? ? It?was?identified?as?being?by?Riesener,?by?his? name?being?stamped?on?the?piece.??It?is?of? his?latter,?simpler,?Grec?style?having?very? simple?gilded?metals?and?no?marquetry?or? parquetry?patterns.xlvii??While?the? interlocking?rings?around?the?centre?of?the? piece?(between?the?top,?abattant,?section,? and?the?lower?section)?is?unlike?anything? seen?on?any?other?Riesener?the?ormolu? borders?around?the?top?drawer,?the?fall? front,?and?the?two?doors?are?the?same? design?as?seen?on?the?Thuya?piece?which?is? currently?in?The?Wallace?Collection?(F303).?? ? The?basic?design?is?also?similar?to?other? Riesener?pieces.??Some?of?these?elements? include?the?marble?top,?three?sections?(The? top?drawer,?the?fall?front,?and?the?lower? section?with?two?doors)?the?cantered? corners,?the?six?drawers?in?the?top?section,? the?bracket?feet?with?the?square?ormolu? designs?on?them,?etc.?? ? ?? ? ? ? ? MAKING?FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE???Appendix?C.:??Overview?of?Library?Tables?by?Chippendale?? ??????and?Secr?taire???Abattants?by?Riesener?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Page?510? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? Appendix?C:??Overview?of?Secr?taire???Abattants?By?Riesener?and?Chippendale? ? Maker? Description/Location? Overall?Size? (CM)i? Historical?Context/?Constructional? Comments? External?Picture? Internal?Picture???Upper? Section? Internal?Picture???Lower? Section? Riesener? Current?owner?is?unknown.??For?this? paper?this?is?referred?to?as?the? Alternative?Lagerfield?Secr?taire??? abattant.? ? Flamed?mahogany?veneer?with?a?white? marble?top?and?simple?(relative?to?other? Riesener?pieces)?ormolu.??Top?drawer?is? decorated?with?a?face.??Abattant?opens? to?expose?6?drawers?and?three? compartments?and?a?secret?section?with? four?more?compartments?and?two? drawers.??The?lower?section?opens?to? two?drawers?and?a?shelf.? ? It?has?been?stamped?Riesener.? ? Height:??143?CM? Width:??104?CM? Depth?45?CM? Nothing?is?known?about?it?s?first?owner.?? Later?owned?by?Meyer?Rothschild?(1818? 1874)?at?Mentmore,?Earl?of?Rosebery?(1847? 1929).??Most?recently?sold?via?Christies?as? part?of?the?Lagerfeld?Collection,?Sale?No? 1026,?28?April?2000,?Monaco,?Lot?25.? ? ? ? Riesener? Part?of?a?private?collection?now?kept?in? Berlin.??This?will?be?labeled?the?ELI? Secr?taire???Abattant.? ? This?piece?is?covered?with?a?decorative? mahogany?veneer?and?is?decorated?with? ormolu.??The?top,?as?with?most?Riesener? pieces?is?covered?with?a?white?marble? and?an?ormolu?gallery.??The?front?(on? both?the?top?and?the?bottom?sections)? are?shadows?of?plaques?that?were?on? them?at?one?time.??It?is?believed?that? these?were?profiles?of?Louis?XVI?and? Marie?Antoinette.??? ? Thin?inside?of?the?upper?section?is? unusual?in?that?there?are?two?drawers? that?stretch?all?the?way?across?the? section?then?four?very?small?drawers.? The?lower?inside?section?is?unusual?in? that?it?has?no?safe,?there?is?a?single? door,?and?it?has?adjustable?shelves.?? Measurements? are?not? available,? however?it?is? known?that?this? piece?is? narrower?than? most?other? examples.?? Nothing?is?known?about?the?early?history?of? this?piece.??It?is?thought?to?be?a?later?piece? (perhaps?as?late?as?1884???after?Riesener? had?decreased?his?business?with?the?crown? and?lost?the?title??b?niste?du?Roi.?Its?most? recent?history?is?that?this?piece?has?been? moved?from?to?Germany?from?Iran.?? ? ? ? .?? ? ? ? ? MAKING?FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE???Appendix?C.:??Overview?of?Library?Tables?by?Chippendale?? ??????and?Secr?taire???Abattants?by?Riesener?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Page?511? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? Appendix?C:??Overview?of?Secr?taire???Abattants?By?Riesener?and?Chippendale? ? Maker? Description/Location? Overall?Size? (CM)i? Historical?Context/?Constructional? Comments? External?Picture? Internal?Picture???Upper? Section? Internal?Picture???Lower? Section? ? ?? Chippendale?s?Secr?taire???Abattants? Chippendale? Currently?this?secr?taire?is?in?Harewood? House,?outside?of?Leeds.?Known?as?the? Harewood?Secr?taire.?? ? ? The?very?top?was?a?decorative??crown?? to?this?piece?of?furniture,?which?was? veneered?with?a?marquetry?design?that? was?consistent?with?the?rest?of?the? piece.??Below?that?is?a?large?drawer?that? extends?across?the?entire?top.??This,?like? the?Riesener?secr?taires,?has?cantered? corners.??This?piece?does?not?have?any? ormolu;?instead?it?is?covered?with?very? detailed?marquetry.??The?drop?leaf?has? an?oval?design?with?a?reclining?lady;?the? lower?section?has?a?single?door?with?a? marquetry?design?of?a?vase?inside?an? oval.??The?sides?also?have?similar?classic? designs?of?Roman?heads?on?the?top?and? a?vase?or?urn?on?the?lower?half.???? ? Woods?used?for?this?piece?include?oak? (for?drawers?and?some?structural? elements),?pine?for?other?structural? components,?sycamore,?mahogany,? rosewood,?and?holly?for?the?marquetry.??? ? Inside?the?fall?front?are?11?small? drawers?and?six?small?storage? compartments?and?one?large? pigeonhole.??Each?drawer?is?veneered? with?satinwood?and?an?edge?banding?of? tulipwood.?The?inside?of?the?fall?front?is? ? This?so?called?Harewood?secr?taire,?is?one? of?two?(possibly?three)?secr?taires?thought? to?have?been?made?by?Chippendale.??One? other?was?the?exact?size?framexlviii?and?very? similar?internal?configuration;?however?it? was?covered?with?a?black?and?gold?lacquer??? with?oriental?scenes?depicted?in?gold?on?a? black?background.? ? It?should?be?pointed?out?that?on?the?invoices? from?Chippendale?to?Harewood?house;? there?is?one?for?a?lacquered?secr?taire,?but? not?one?for?a?veneered?version.??It?is?not? sure?if?this?was?a?mistake?or?if?there?was?a? second?secr?taire.??However,?today,?there?is? only?the?one?located?at?Harewood?House??? the?veneered?secr?taire.???A?lacquered? secr?taire?produced?by?Chippendale?is? currently?at?Nostell?Priory?however?it?was? believed?to?have?been?delivered?to?Osterley? house?in?London.??? ? As?stated,?there?are?probably?only?two? secr?taires?attributed?to?Chippendale? (However?as?mentioned?before?there?is?a? possibility?of?a?third,?two?for?Harewood?and? one?for?Robert?Child?(1739???1782)?for? Osterley.)??The?other?two?are?Japanned? versions.??However?only?one?Japanned? version?has?been?firmly?identified?and?is? currently?known.???? ? It?was?rare?for?English?Cabinetmakers?to? make?this?type?of?furniture?during?the?late? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? MAKING?FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE???Appendix?C.:??Overview?of?Library?Tables?by?Chippendale?? ??????and?Secr?taire???Abattants?by?Riesener?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Page?512? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? Appendix?C:??Overview?of?Secr?taire???Abattants?By?Riesener?and?Chippendale? ? Maker? Description/Location? Overall?Size? (CM)i? Historical?Context/?Constructional? Comments? External?Picture? Internal?Picture???Upper? Section? Internal?Picture???Lower? Section? covered?with?a?green?felt?material.??? The?lower?section?has?three?shelves.?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? C18th.??However,?it?was?very?popular?in? France.??? ? Firstly?the?top?of?Chippendale?s?secr?taires? were?made?of?wood?and?designed?to?match? the?rest?of?the?secr?taire?(French?pieces? were?topped?with?marble.)???Most? secr?taires?made?by?Riesener?had?fewer? drawers?and?storage?compartments?in?the? top?section.??In?the?lower?section? Chippendale?included?three?large?drawers? there?was?no?safe?or?locked?compartments.?? Furthermore,?there?was?only?one?door?in? the?lower?section?as?compared?to?the?two? doors?that?were?nearly?always?present?on? the?Riesener?s.?Another?difference?is?that? there?were?three?simple?locks?(single?bolts? and?single?action?as?opposed?to?the?more? complicated?locks?on?the?French?pieces.? ? There?were?also?similarities?between?this? piece?and?the?French?pieces?that?it?was? modelled?after.??There?were?cantered? corners,?three?sections,?one?large?drawer?at? the?top,?an?upper?cabinet?that?was?behind?a? fall?front,?which?fell?into?a?desktop,?and?a? lower?section.? ? ?Note?while?this?piece?had?three?shelves?in? the?lower?section,?a?close?inspection?shows? that?these?had?drawer?stops?suggesting?that? at?one?time?there?were?drawers?in?them.???? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? MAKING?FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE???Appendix?C.:??Overview?of?Library?Tables?by?Chippendale?? ??????and?Secr?taire???Abattants?by?Riesener?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Page?513? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? Appendix?C:??Overview?of?Secr?taire???Abattants?By?Riesener?and?Chippendale? ? Maker? Description/Location? Overall?Size? (CM)i? Historical?Context/?Constructional? Comments? External?Picture? Internal?Picture???Upper? Section? Internal?Picture???Lower? Section? Chippendale? This?secr?taire?is?currently?in?Temple? Newsom?outside?of?Leeds.?Known?as? the?Temple?Newsom?Secr?taire.? ? Both?the?inside?and?outside?structural? design?and?outside?measurements?are,? according?to?Coleridge?as?found?in?the? file?notes?at?Harewood?Housexlix?,?the? same.??The?primary?difference?is?in?the? decorative?elements.???? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? This?is?the?second?of?the?two?secr?taires? that?were?made?in?the?exact?same?frame? size.??It?is?believed?that?this?secr?taire?was? originally?made?for?Osterley?house l ?as?part? of?a?set?of?gilded?and?lacquered?commodes? that?were?also?suspected?to?have?been? made?by?Chippendale.?????While?it?has?been? described?as?being?the?same?as?the?other? Chippendale?secr?taire?In?the?description?by? Coleridge li?the?lower?section?had?drawers? instead?of?the?shelves?that?are?visible?on?the? Harewood?Secr?taire?(perhaps?the?original? Harewood?Secr?taire?had?drawers?)???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????? ? ? ? ? ? MAKING?FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE???Appendix?C.:??Overview?of?Library?Tables?by?Chippendale?? ??????and?Secr?taire???Abattants?by?Riesener?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Page?514? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? Overview?of?Library?Tables/Desks?by?Chippendale? Maker? Description/Location? Historical?Context/Constructional? Comments? Picture? Chippendale?? This?library?table?is?currently?located?in?the?Dumfries?House,?near?the?town? of?Dumfries?in?southern?Scotland.??Known?as?the?Dumfries?Library?Table.? ? This?library?table?has?a?'double?rising?slider'?fold?out?drawing?table?that? extends?out?the?left?side?of?the?desk.??Structurally,?this?table?makes?use?of? pine?and?oak?while?the?show?wood?is?mahogany.??While?the?basic?design?is? a?simple?design,?the?handles?are?ornate?rococo?designs?executed?in?gilded? metal.???From?the?front?side?the?two?pedestals?have?three?drawers?in? them.??On?the?backside,?locked?doors?revel?two?sets?of?vertical?file?slots.??A? single?key?operates?all?of?the?single?action?bolts?that?are?used?throughout? the?desk?for?7?drawers,?the?drawing?table?extension?drawer,?and?the?two? doors.?? ? ? This?table?was?made?in?1759?for?this?building;? however?it?was?originally?placed?in?the?bedroomlii.??? This?was?a?rather?plane?library?table?in?its?design.? Gilbert?describes?this?as?? ?...not?so?elaborately?styled...?liii? It?uses?very?simple,?very?practical?library?table,?it? has?a?fold?out?drawing?table,?a?large?drawer?for? holding?completed?drawings,?six?smaller?drawers? on?the?front?side?and?filing?slots?on?the?backside.?? This?table?follows?the?design?proposed?by? Chippendale?in?his?third?edition?of?the?Director?(Pl? LXXXII).???As?this?was?one?of?Chippendale's?earlier? works,?it?still?has?certain?rococo?elements?(the? handles)?and?shows?the?qualities?that?would?follow? him?throughout?his?career?such?as?the?fine? dovetails,?the?selection?of?quality?woods,?and? materials,?the?use?of?simple?brass?and?steel?locks.?? ? ? ? ? MAKING?FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE???Appendix?C.:??Overview?of?Library?Tables?by?Chippendale?? ??????and?Secr?taire???Abattants?by?Riesener?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Page?515? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? Overview?of?Library?Tables/Desks?by?Chippendale? Maker? Description/Location? Historical?Context/Constructional? Comments? Picture? Chippendale?? This?Gothic?style?library?table?is?currently?at?Wilton?House.??Referred?to?as? the?Wilton?House?Library?Table.? This?library?table?was?made?some?time?between? 1760?2.??? It?was?made?for?the?Pembroke?House?in?London,? currently?in?Wilton?House.??Similar?to?the?one? described?in?the?prior?section?it?includes?a?pull?out? drawing?surface.??It?also?has?some?gothic?elements? on?the?front?and?the?top?railing?(which?is?believed? to?have?been?added?later liv.)???Another?difference?is? that?the?supporting?sections?are?cabinets?and?not? drawers.???This?desk?is?also?on?casters?according?to? C.?Gilbert?these?are?the?same?type?as?used?on?the? Harewood?Desk lv .?? ? Chippendale?? Currently?located?in?Nostell?Priory.??Known?as?the?Nostell?Priory?Library? Table.?? ? This?table?was?made?like?most?Chippendale?library?tables,?of?oak?and?pine,? with?veneers?(in?this?case?mahogany)?covering?the?surface?This?large? Library?table?has?very?strong?carvings?of?lions?on?each?of?the?six??legs?.??It? has?a?centre?drawer?and?two?drawers?on?either?side,?with?two?cupboards? below?each?of?the?side?drawers.??The?corners?are?decorated?with?ornate? carvings?of?lions?heads?the?sides?and?the?fronts?have?repeated?carvings?of? draped?garlands,?and?the?feet?are?lion?s?paws.??? ? This?table?was?produced?in?1766?for?the?Sir? Rowland?Winn's?study?while?working?along?side? Robert?Adams.??It?was?originally?made?for?its? current?location?in?Nostell?Priory.??It?is?unsure?who? designed?the?desk?(Robert?Adam?or?Thomas? Chippendale)?but?it?was?designed?with?the?Adams? design?in?mind.??The?room?was?Neo?Classical,?and? the?desk?had?a?number?of?Neo?Classical?elements? such?as?the?swags,?the?petalled?pattern?around? each?of?the?doors.?lvi??However,?this?table?was?not?a? pure?Neo?Classical?design.??As?described?by? Boynton?and?Goodison:?? ?The?library?table?is?apart?from?the?other?pieces,? being?neither?rococo?nor?neo?classical?but? essentially?conservative?and?as?near?to?comparable? furniture?of?the?I740S?as?to?anything?else.??lvii? ? It?is?interesting?to?notice?that?the?shape?of?the? corner?pieces?with?the?lions?is?very?similar?to?the? ormolu?pieces?that?Chippendale?put?on?the?corners? of?the?Harewood?library?table.??The?only? differences?were?that?the?head?at?the?top?were? goats?(on?the?Harewood?desk)?and?that?these?goat? figures?were?done?in?gilded?brass?while?in?this?case,? ? ? ? ? MAKING?FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE???Appendix?C.:??Overview?of?Library?Tables?by?Chippendale?? ??????and?Secr?taire???Abattants?by?Riesener?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Page?516? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? Overview?of?Library?Tables/Desks?by?Chippendale? Maker? Description/Location? Historical?Context/Constructional? Comments? Picture? the?lions?are?carved?out?of?mahogany.?? ? The?other?similarity?is?the?overall?design?of?the? piece.??Similar?to?the?Harewood?table,?this?piece? has?two?sides.??On?one?side?(the?back)?there?are?file? storage,?behind?two?doors,?and?on?the?other?(the? front)?there?are?drawers.??? Chippendale? Currently?in?Nostell?Priory,?outside?of?Leeds?in?West?Yorkshire,?England.? Known?as?the?Nostell?Priory?Drawing?Table.?? ? Artist's?Table,?this?table?is?made?of?oak,?pine?and?mahogany?with? mahogany?veneer?and?brass(?)?drop?handles,?locks?and?casters?of? unknown?make.?? This?was?made?one?year?after?the?Library?table?in? 1767.??It?too?was?made?for?Sir?Rowland?Winn's? library?at?Nostell?Priory;?this?is?an?illustration?of? Chippendale?supplying?plainer?functional?pieces.?In? comparison?to?similar?functional?pieces?supplied? for?Edwin?Lascelles,?for?example?the?library?writing? table?and?steps,?this?piece?is?far?less?ostentatious? and?indicates?the?differing?tastes?of?Chippendale's? two?wealthy?clients.?? ? It?has?a?hinged?top,?originally?covered?in?green? velvet,?which?rises?on?an?adjustable?horse?thus? allowing?the?artist?or?draughtsman?to?work?on? their?sketches?and?drawings.?There?are?small? cupboards?either?side?of?the?kneehole,?which? conceal?drawers?and?at?one?end?along?the?frieze?is? a?narrow?drawer?for?storing?papers?flat.?Despite? the?much?simpler?design,?Chippendale?used??ovals? on?the?door?front?which?emulate?the?ovals?on?the? library?table?and?the?placement?of?the?key?holes?at? the?centre?of?the?ovals.??Again?this?is?similar?to?the? library?table?that?is?located?in?the?same?room.?? ? ? ? ? ? MAKING?FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE???Appendix?C.:??Overview?of?Library?Tables?by?Chippendale?? ??????and?Secr?taire???Abattants?by?Riesener?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Page?517? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? Overview?of?Library?Tables/Desks?by?Chippendale? Maker? Description/Location? Historical?Context/Constructional? Comments? Picture? ? This?piece?is?currently?at?the?The?Victoria?and?Albert?Museum.??Referred?to? as?the?Harewood?Dressing?Table.?? ? This?bureau?dressing?table?incorporates?a?dressing?drawer?with?mirror?and? compartments?for?cosmetic?bottles?and?combs.???The?cupboards?below? include?drawers?on?either?side,?a?number?of?shelves?in?the?middle.?Instead? of?providing?two?pieces?of?furniture,?this?was?designed?to?save?space?and? could?be?used?for?either?dressing?or?as?a?writing?table.??The?materials?used? for?this?dressing?table?were?similar?to?other?similarly?designed?pieces.?? Most?of?the?frame?pieces?such?as?the?drawers?were?made?of?oak,?while? extensive?use?of?pine?was?also?used.??The?drawer?fronts?were?frequently? made?of?mahogany?and?the?use?of?gilded?metal?was?also?used?for?drawer? and?door?handles.?? In?about?1770?this?dressing?table?was?made?for?one? of?the?dressing?rooms?at?Harewood.?The? cupboards?below?include?drawers?on?either?side,?a? number?of?shelves?in?the?middle.?Instead?of? providing?two?pieces?of?furniture,?this?was? designed?to?save?space?and?could?be?used?for? either?dressing?or?as?a?writing?table.?? ? The?design?of?the?marquetry?work?on?a?satinwood? and?rosewood?ground?is?very?similar?other?pieces? in?the?house,?including?the?library?writing?table.? However,?the?quality?of?the?workmanship?is?not? the?same?as?the?other?pieces?made?for?Harewood? house.??The?wood?is?not?as?high?quality?(drawer? pieces?were?thinner,?and?the?grain?was?such?that? warping?was?evident),?the?pine?used?in?the?frame? had?also?warped?since?its?makinglviii.??The? marquetry?was?not?cut?out?with?the?same?precision? as?seen?on?other?pieces?in?the?Harewood?collection? (such?as?the?Harewood?library?table.lix)?? ? Note?that?the?support?that?this?was?made?by? Chippendale?is?that?there?was?a?letter?from? Lascelles?of?Harewood?House,?which?states?that? they?have?a?dressing?table?by?Chippendale.?? However?there?is?no?mention?of?it?on?any?invoice? or?correspondence?between?Chippendale?and?the? Harewood?household?staff.lx??? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? MAKING?FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE???Appendix?C.:??Overview?of?Library?Tables?by?Chippendale?? ??????and?Secr?taire???Abattants?by?Riesener?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Page?518? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? Overview?of?Library?Tables/Desks?by?Chippendale? Maker? Description/Location? Historical?Context/Constructional? Comments? Picture? Chippendale? This?desk?is?currently?in?Temple?Newsom,?outside?of?Leeds?in?West? Yorkshire,?England.?Called?the?Harewood?Library?Table.? ? The?main?carcass?of?the?piece?is?oak,?mahogany?&?pine,?veneered?in? rosewood?&?inlaid?with?various?exotic?woods,?including?holly,?sycamore? and?tulip?wood.??It?is?also?decorated?with?numerous?pieces?of?ormolu.?? Such?as?the?goats?heads?at?each?of?the?corners?of?the?pedestals,?the? rosettes?also?at?each?corner,?the?egg?and?dart?and?water?lily?borders? around?the?top,?the?base?and?between?the?frieze?and?the?two?cupboards.??? It?was?designed?to?be?of?practical?use,?being?fitted?with?one?large?drawer? that?was?large?enough?to?hold?architectural?drawings,?along?with?four? other?locking?drawers?in?the?frieze?and?two?cupboards?in?each?pedestal,? which?contain?sets?of?three?drawers?on?one?side?and?pigeon?holes?and? vertical?folios?on?the?other.??This?is?thought?of?as?one?of?Chippendale?s? best?pieces.? ? This?piece?was?originally?commissioned?by?Edwin? Lascelles,?1st?Baron?Harewood?(1713,???1795).??This? desk?was?originally?made?by?Chippendale?in?1772? for?a?particular?room?in?Harewood?House.?? Specifically?it?was?designed?for?what?is?now?known? as?the??Old?Library?.?? ? The?design?elements?on?this?desk?echoed?the? design?of?the?Robert?Adam's?scheme?for?this?room.? The?various?decorative?elements?of?the?marquetry? work?&?ormolu?mounts,?like?the?rosettes?along?the? frieze,?vases?and?goats?heads,?are?repeated?in? Adam's?ceiling.??Also?the?original?colours?on?this? piece?matched?the?colours?of?the?room?(See?the? detailed?discussion?of?this?aspect?within?the?body? of?this?dissertation,?see?page?xxxx).? ? ? ? MAKING?FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE???Appendix?C.:??Overview?of?Library?Tables?by?Chippendale?? ??????and?Secr?taire???Abattants?by?Riesener?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Page?519? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? Overview?of?Library?Tables/Desks?by?Chippendale? Maker? Description/Location? Historical?Context/Constructional? Comments? Picture? ? The?last?know?location?for?this?piece?of?furniture?was?Paxton?House,? however?they?reported?that?it?had?been?sold?to?a?private?owner.??Referred? to?in?the?document?as?the?Paxton?House?Flamed?Mahogany?Dressing? Table.?? In?1774?this?dressing/writing?table?was?produced? following?a?very?similar?design?from?the?Director? (1754,?Plate?XLI).??It?is?covered?with?a?flamed? mahogany?veneer?and?contains?one?long?centre? drawer?at?the?top?and?three?drawers?on?each?side? of?the?centre?cabinet?which?is?contained?in?the? ?keyhole?.?Each?drawer?and?the?cabinet?have? individual?locks?with?s?shaped?key?holes.??The? frieze?drawer?contains?a?writing?slide?with?storage? divisions?below?it.? ? ? ? ? MAKING?FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE???Appendix?C.:??Overview?of?Library?Tables?by?Chippendale?? ??????and?Secr?taire???Abattants?by?Riesener?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Page?520? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? Overview?of?Library?Tables/Desks?by?Chippendale? Maker? Description/Location? Historical?Context/Constructional? Comments? Picture? ? Private?Collection???Library?Table.??Called?in?this?text?as?the?Paxton?House? Plain?Mahogany?Dressing?Table? 1775?Very?simple?bureau?dressing?table?with?a? partitioned?frieze?drawer???probably?by?Thomas? Chippendale?originally?made?for?Paxton.?The? designs?are?for?similar?tables?in?the?Director.??The? designs?shown?are?from?the?1762?edition?of?the? Director,?Plate?LXII.? ? ? This?desk?is?currently?located?in?Corsham?Court.??Referred?to?as?the? Corsham?Court?Library?Table.? This?desk?was?made?of?oak,?mahogany?and?pine.??The?show?wood?on?the? outside?was?always?mahogany?in?many?areas?(the?drawer?fronts,?the?edge? of?the?top,?the?edges)?it?was?solid?mahogany,?while?much?of?the?sides? were?veneered?with?mahogany.??The?drawers?sides?and?bottom?were,?like? all?of?Chippendales?pieces,?were?made?of?very?good?quality?of?oak.?? However,?in?this?case,?the?back?of?the?drawers?were?made?of?pine,?abet?a? very?good?quality?of?the?softwood.??Oak?was?also?used?as?the?supporting? wood?for?the?sides?of?the?desk,?and?were?covered?with?a?mahogany? veneer.??? Despite?the?late?date?that?this?table?was?produced,?it?was?generally? thought?of?as?in?the?gothic?style.??This?could?easily?have?been?because?the? room?was?in?a?similar?style?and?Chippendale?was?making?the?table?to? match?the?room?s?decorations.?? This?table?was?made?in?1779?This?very?simple? library?table?has?few?decorative?elements?(the?two? spandrels?are?thought?to?have?been?added?after? the?original?was?built).??Instead?of?one?large?centre? drawer,?there?are?two?small?drawers;?on?each?side? are?five?small?drawers?(for?a?total?of?12?drawers.)?It? is?not?sure?whether?this?desk?was?made?for? Chippendale?the?elder?or?the?younger?however,? most?likely?it?was?produced?by?the?younger?as?it? was?delivered?in?Thomas?Chippendale,?the?elder?s,? last?year?of?life.?Also?there?are?a?few?constructional? techniques?such?as?the?pine?at?the?back?of?the? table?which?suggests?that?it?was?not?the?elder?who? made?this?table.?? ? ? ? ? ? MAKING?FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE???Appendix?C.:??Overview?of?Library?Tables?by?Chippendale?? ??????and?Secr?taire???Abattants?by?Riesener?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Page?521? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? iGenerally?these?are?the?reported?numbers,?in?order?that?they?may?be?as?comparable?as?possible.?However,?these?numbers?could?vary?because?of?different?ways?they?were? measured.??For?example,?was?the?gallery?at?the?top?included?in?the?measurement,?for?the?width,?many?pieces?are?wider?at?the?back?than?the?front,?yet?no?one?identified?whether? the?front?or?the?back?was?used.??When?direct?measurements?are?available,?they?are?also?reported?and?noted.??? iiRiesener?seemed?to?gravitate?to?a?particular?set?of?design?motifs?for?the?fronts?of?his?desks?and?secr?taire???abattant,?these?are:?Silence,?the?cock?(which?stood?for?France),?vases?of? flowers,?various?combinations?of?musical?instruments,?scientific?instruments,?books?and?flowers.????? iii?Notes?from?Lord?Roseberry,?in?email?sent?on?10???December???2009? ivF.?Watson,?Louis?XVI?Furniture,?Alex?Tiranti,?London,?1960,?p.?118.? vF.?Watson,?Louis?XVI?Furniture,?p.?118.? viEmail?from?Lord?Rosebery?to?Riall1@aol.com,?dated?26?nov?2009.? vii?P.?Hughes,??Dalmeny?House,?The?Burlington?Magazine,?Vol?123,?No?945,?1981,?pp.??755?757.? viii?F.?Watson,?Louis?XVI?Furniture,?P?118.? ix?No?Author?Given,?Christies?Sales?Catalogue?for?July?5?&?7,?2000:??Works?of?Art?from?The?Wernher?Collection,?Christies,?London,?2000.??? x??No?Author?Given,?Christies?Sales?Catalogue?for?July?5?&?7,?2000:??Works?of?Art?from?The?Wernher?Collection,?Christies,?London,?2000.? ?? xi?G.?Bellaigue,?The?James?A.?De?Rothschild?Collection?at?Waddesdon?Manor???Furniture,?Clocks?and?Gilt?Bronze?Vol?1?&?2,?Office?du?Livre,?S.?A.?Fribourg,?SA,?1974.,?pp.?355? xiiA.?Pradere,?(Transleted?by?P.?Wood),?French?Furniture?Makers,?The?Art?of?the??b?niste?from?Louis?XIV?to?the?Revolution,?Sotheby?s?Publication,?London,?1989,?pp.?253?264? xiiiNo?Author?Given,?Christies?Sales?Catalogue?for?23?June?1999:?Important?European?Furniture?and?Carpets,?Christies,?London,?1999.? xiv?P.?E.?de?Fontanieu,?Intendant?Genral?des?Meubles?de?la?Couronne??(from?1767?83).?Fontanieu?was?an?early?follower?of?Riesener?and?is?attributed?to?have?become?a?contribution? to?the?fact?that?Riesener?enjoyed?such?strong?support?from?the?French?Royal?Family.?De?Fontanieu,?Pierre?Elisabeth?Fontanieu?is?considered?chiefly?responsible?for?advancing?the? introduction?of?the?Neo?classical?style?in?court?furniture:??in?1770?he?published?a?collection?of?the?designs?for?Neo?classical?vases,?some?of?which?were?used?by?the?S?vres??factory;?? and?his?table?was?among?the?first?pieces?of?straight?legged?Court?furniture.?(See?No?Author?Give,?Christies?Catalogue:??Fine?Objects?of?Art,?Clocks,?and?Ormolu?Mounded?Porcelain,? Important?French?Furniture,?Christies,?London,?December?1974,?PP?84?85?and?Eriksen,?S?(Translated?by?Thorton,?P.),?Early?Neo?Classicism?in?France:??The?Creation?of?the?Louis?Seize? Style?in?Architectural?Decoration,?Furniture?and?Ormolu,?Gold?and?Silver?and?Sevres?Porcelain?in?the?Mid?Eighteenth?Century,?Faber,?London,?1974.? xv?No?Author?Given,?Christies?Sales?Catalogue?for?23?June?1999:?Important?European?Furniture?and?Carpets,?Christies,?London,?1999? xvi?No?Author?Give,?Christies?Catalogue:??Fine?Objects?of?Art,?Clocks,?and?Ormolu?Mounded?Porcelain,?Important?French?Furniture,?Christies,?London,?December,?5,?1974,?pp.?50?54.? xviiNo?Author?Given,?Christies?Sales?Catalogue?for?23?June?1999:?Important?European?Furniture?and?Carpets,?Christies,?London,?1999,?pp.?212??219.? xviiiNo?Author?Given,?Collection?Guerault?Francis,?Deuxieme?Vente.?Objets?D'art,?Sieges?Et?Meubles,?Tapisseries,?Tapis,?Tableaux?Et?Pastels,?Sculptures?:?4?Rue?De?La?Roquepine,?Le?16? Mai?1935?(Auction?Sales?Catelog:??for?auction?on??21?22?March?1935),?Me?Alph.?Bellier?(Commissaire?Priseur???auctioneer),?Paris,?1935.? xix?No?Author?Given,?Collection?Guerault?Francis,?Deuxieme?Vente.?Objets?D'art,?Sieges?Et?Meubles,?Tapisseries,?Tapis,?Tableaux?Et?Pastels,?Sculptures?:?4?Rue?De?La?Roquepine,?Le?16? Mai?1935?(Auction?Sales?Catelog:??for?auction?on??21?22?March?1935),?Me?Alph.?Bellier?(Commissaire?Priseur???auctioneer),?Paris,?1935.? xxP.?Kjellberg,?Le?Mobilier?francais?Du?XVIII?Siecle:??Dictionaire?des?Ebeniste?et?Des?Menuisieres,?Les?Edition?de?l'Amateur,?Paris,?1989.?? xxi?A.?Pradere?(Transleted?by?P.?Wood),?French?Furniture?Makers,?The?Art?of?the??b?niste?from?Louis?XIV?to?the?Revolution,?p.?381? xxii?G.?Bellaigue,?The?James?A.?De?Rothschild?Collection?at?Waddesdon?Manor???Furniture,?Clocks?and?Gilt?Bronze?Vol?1&?2,?pp.?348?351.? xxiii?Verlet,?P.,?1959,?Some?Versailles?Furniture?Preserved?at?Waddesdon,?The?Burlington?Magazine,?Vol?101,?No?676/677,?pp.?267?271?and?G.?Bellaigue,The?James?A.?De?Rothschild? Collection?at?Waddesdon?Manor???Furniture,?Clocks?and?Gilt?Bronze?Vol?1&?2,?pp.?348?351.? xxiv?P.?Hughes,?The?Wallace?Collection?Catalogue?of?Furniture,?Vol?II,?Trustees?of?the?Wallace?Collection,?London,?1996,?p.?970.?? ? MAKING?FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE???Appendix?C.:??Overview?of?Library?Tables?by?Chippendale?? ??????and?Secr?taire???Abattants?by?Riesener?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Page?522? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? xxvIt?is?necessary?to?point?out?that?there?is?some?concern?that?this?plaque?was?a?19th?century?addition?to?this?piece?of?furniture,?as?no?reason?was?given?for?this,?this?seems? inconsistent?with?the?fact?that?this?design?was?produced?during?this?period?and?thus?its?application?would?have?been?at?the?height?of?its?fashion,?and?that?this?appeared?on?two? other?pieces?of?Riesener?furniture.??One?must?ask?what?is?the?likely?hood?that?three?different?examples?would?all?have?the?same?alteration.?Since?it?is?obvious?that?Riesener?was? looking?for?ways?to?make?the?process?of?making?furniture?more?automatic?and?it?would?be?consistent?that?he?would?apply?the?same?plaque?to?each?of?these?three?pieces?of? furniture.?? xxviA.?Pradere?(Transleted?by?P.?Wood),?French?Furniture?Makers,?The?Art?of?the?Ebeniste?from?Louis?XIV?to?the?Revolution,?p.?371? xxvii?Description?of?Riesener?secr?taire???abattant?along?with?pictures,?taken?from?the?web?site?http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/ffurn/ho_20.155.11.htm?accessed?10?Sept? 2009.? xxviiiJ.?Focarino?(ed.),?The?Frick?Collection:??VI?Furniture?and?Gilt?Bronzes,?The?Frick?Collection/Princeton?University?Press,?New?York,?1992,?pp.?71?91.? xxix?Other?pieces?with?identical?trelliswork?marquetry?include?a?commode?delivered?to?Marie?Antoinette?in?1780?(now?at?The?Wallace?Collection),?a?mechanical?writing?table?(now?at? the?Metropolitian,?A?table?en?chiffonni?re?made?for?Marie?Antoinette?in?1781?(now?at?Scone?Palace),?a?table?for?use?by?the?Queen?at?Marly?in?1781?(now?in?the?Calouste? Gulbenkian?Museum),?a?commode?delivered?in?1782?for?the?Queens?bedroom?at?Marly?(now?at?the?Louvre),?a?very?similar?commode?for?the?Queen?s?cabinet?delivered?at?the?same? time?at?Marly?(currently?in?a?private?collection?in?Paris),?another?secr?taire???abattant??delivered?in?1783?for?use?by?the?Queen?in?the?Petit?Trianon?(Now?at?The?Wallace?Collection)? and?finally?another?secr?taire??that?is?currently?in?the?Museo?Nacional?de?Artes?Decorativas,?Havana.? xxx??J.?Focarino(ed.),?The?Frick?Collection:??VI??Furniture?and?Gilt?Bronzes,?pp.?71?91.? xxxi?Entry?in?the?Journal?de?Garde?Meuble,?for?17?March?1784?under?Riesener?s?name.??This?entry?was?numbered?3338.???? xxxii?No?Author?Given,?Mentmore?Vol?1:??French?and?Continental?Furniture,?Tapestries?and?Clocks,?Sotheby,?1977.?PP?152?153.? xxxiii??A.?Pradere?(Transleted?by?P.?Wood),?French?Furniture?Makers,?The?Art?of?the?Ebeniste?from?Louis?XIV?to?the?Revolution,?p.?382.? xxxiv?F.?Watson,?Louis?XVI?Furniture,?p.?117?for?a?description?of?this??bureau???cylindre?which?was?made?in?1781?1782.? xxxvWhile?this?face?looks?similar?to?ormolu?expressions?of?Hercules?on?other?Riesener?pieces,?this?one?is?surrounded?by?vines?instead?of?other?decorative?items?that?are?more? strongly?associated?with?Hercules.??The?leaves?would?suggest?that?this?is?a?green?man,?but?that?would?be?inconsistent?with?other?Riesener?pieces?(On?what?other?piece?did?Riesener? use?the?green?man?as?decoration?)? xxxvi?Interviews?with?staff?of?Les?Arts?D?cratifs?including?Sylvie?Legrand?Rossi,?curator,?and?Pierre?Costerg,?conservator?on?23?June??2009,?and?file?materials.?? xxxviiSothebys?auction,?lot?83?http://www.sothebys.com/app/live/lot/LotDetail.jsp?lot_id=4DHJL? xxxviii???Picture?take?from?Sotheby?s?web?site:??http://www.sothebys.com/app/live/lot/LotDetail.jsp?lot_id=4DHJL,?accessed?10?09.??? xxxix??According?to?Le?Mobilier?Francais?Du?XVIII,?this?is?mahogany.?While?the?grain?appears?that?it?could?be?manhogany,?its?colour?does?not?match.??Perhaps?a?bad?photograph???See? P.??Kjellberg,?Le?Mobilier?francais?Du?XVIII?Siecle:??Dictionaire?des?Ebeniste?et?Des?Menuisieres,?p.?746? xl???Kjellberg,?P.,?Le?Mobilier?francais?Du?XVIII?Siecle:??Dictionaire?des?Ebeniste?et?Des?Menuisieres,?p.749.? xli????P.??Kjellberg,?Le?Mobilier?Francais?Du?XVIII?Siecle:??Dictionaire?des?Ebeniste?et?Des?Menuisieres,?p.?749.? xlii???Perrin?Gallery?(98,?rue?du?Faubourg?Saint?Honor?,?75008,?Paris.? xliii????P.??Kjellberg,?Le?Mobilier?francais?Du?XVIII?Siecle:??Dictionaire?des?Ebeniste?et?Des?Menuisieres,?p.?749.? xliv???P.??Kjellberg,?Le?Mobilier?francais?Du?XVIII?Siecle:??Dictionaire?des?Ebeniste?et?Des?Menuisieres,?p.?749.? xlv??P.??Kjellberg,?Le?Mobilier?Francais?Du?XVIII?Siecle:??Dictionaire?des?Ebeniste?et?Des?Menuisieres,?p.?750.? xlvi??No?Author?given,?Notes?from?the?files?at?the?Muse??des?Arts?D?coratifs,?received?12/09.? xlvii?????No?Author?given,?Notes?from?files?at?Muse??des?Arts?d?coratifs,?received?12/09.?? ? MAKING?FASHIONABLE?FURNITURE???Appendix?C.:??Overview?of?Library?Tables?by?Chippendale?? ??????and?Secr?taire???Abattants?by?Riesener?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Page?523? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? xlviii?There?are?a?few?sources?for?this:??? Unknown?Author,?Internal?file?notes?at?Harewood?House,?accessed?10?09?09.? A.?Coleridge,?A?Tale?of?Two?Secretaires,?Christies?Sales?Catalogue?for?sale?3?July?1994,?London,?1994?(Taken?from?Proof?for?Job?No:??4897?Christies?Creative?Services,?in?Harewood? House?Files.)?based?on?Harewood?internal?file?notes)? xlix?A.?Coleridge,?A?Tale?of?Two?Secretair?s,?Christies?Sales?Catalogue?for?sale?3?July?1994,?London,?1994?(Taken?from?Proof?for?Job?No:??4897?Christies?Creative?Services,?in?Harewood? House?Files.)? ????A.?Coleridge,?An?Addition?to?Chippendales??Oeuvre,?Magazine?Antiques,?June,?1996?Found?on?line?at??findarticles.com?,?accessed?15?October?2009.? lThis?was?based?on?an?inventory?conducted?by?John?Linnell?for?the?Osterley?house?in?1782?taken?after?the?death?of?the?banker?Robert?Child?(1739?1782),?the?owner?of?Osterley?as? well?as?a?comparison?to?other?lacquered?furniture?that?was?also?produced?for?this?house.???it?was?also?illustration?as?being?part?of?the?Etruscan?Room?there?in?Arthur?T.?Bolton's? Architecture?of?Robert?and?James?Adam?(Woodbridge,?England,?1922?P?298)?according?to?,?A.?Coleridge,?1996,?An?Addition?to?Chippendales??oeuvre,?Magazine?Antiques,?June,? Found?on?line?at??findarticles.com?,?accessed?15?October?2009.? li??A.?Coleridge,?An?Addition?to?Chippendale?s?Oeuvre,?Magazine?Antiques.? lii???C.?Gilbert,?The?Life?and?Works?of?Thomas?Chippendale,?Studio?Vista/Christies,?London,?1978,?p.?133.? liii???C.?Gilbert,?The?Life?and?Works?of?Thomas?Chippendale,?p.?133.? liv??C.?Gilbert,?The?Life?and?Works?of?Thomas?Chippendale,?p.?149.? lv??C.?Gilbert,?The?Life?and?Works?of?Thomas?Chippendale,?p.?149.? lvi???No?Author?given,?taken?from?file?notes?at?Nostell?Priory,?09/09.?? lvii????L.?Boynton?and?N.?Goodison,?Furniture?of?Thomas?Chippendale?at?Nostell?Priory???I,?The?Burlington?Magazine,?Vol?111,?No?794,?1969,?pp.?281?285.? lviii???No?Author?Given,?Notes?on?file?at?V?&?A?Museum?for?Register?No?W?55?1928?accessed?15?July?2009.? lix??No?author?give,?taken?from?file?notes?and?correspondence?incorporated?in?the?files?kept?at?the?Victoria?&?Albert?Museum,?accessed?in?08/09.?? lx??Notes?on?file?at?V?&?A?Museum?for?Register?No?W?55?1928?accessed?15?July?2009.?